As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 31, 2006.
Registration No. 333-133526
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Amendment No. 1 to
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under
The Securities Act of 1933
EHEALTH, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware | 6411 | 77-0470789 | ||
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
440 East Middlefield Road
Mountain View, California 94043
(650) 584-2700
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrants principal executive offices)
Gary L. Lauer
Chief Executive Officer
440 East Middlefield Road
Mountain View, California 94043
(650) 584-2700
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Robert V. Gunderson, Jr., Esq. | Bruce A. Telkamp, Esq. | Patrick J. Schultheis, Esq. | ||
Bennett L. Yee, Esq. | Scott Giesler, Esq. | Caine T. Moss, Esq. | ||
Gunderson Dettmer Stough | eHealth, Inc. | Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati | ||
Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP | 440 East Middlefield Road | Professional Corporation | ||
155 Constitution Drive | Mountain View, California 94043 | 650 Page Mill Road | ||
Menlo Park, California 94025 | (650) 584-2700 | Palo Alto, California 94304 | ||
(650) 321-2400 | (650) 493-9300 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, check the following box. ¨
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box. ¨
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
PROSPECTUS
Issued , 2006
Shares
Common Stock
eHealth, Inc. is offering shares of its common stock. This is our initial public offering and no public market currently exists for our shares.
We have applied to list our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market under the trading symbol EHTH.
Investing in our common stock involves risks. See Risk Factors beginning on page 7.
Per Share | Total | |||
Public offering price |
||||
Underwriting discount |
||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to us |
We have granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to additional shares of common stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus to cover over-allotments, if any.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock to purchasers on or about , 2006.
Morgan Stanley |
Merrill Lynch & Co. |
Thomas Weisel Partners LLC |
JMP Securities |
The date of this prospectus is , 2006
Page | ||
1 | ||
7 | ||
26 | ||
27 | ||
27 | ||
28 | ||
29 | ||
31 | ||
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
33 | |
52 |
Page | ||
66 | ||
78 | ||
79 | ||
82 | ||
85 | ||
87 | ||
89 | ||
92 | ||
92 | ||
92 | ||
F-1 |
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus. We are offering to sell, and are seeking offers to buy, shares of common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our common stock.
For investors outside the United States: neither we nor any of the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. You are required to inform yourselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus.
Until , 2006 (25 days after the commencement of this offering), all dealers that buy, sell or trade our common stock, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery requirement is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information you should consider before buying shares of our common stock. Before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock, you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the information set forth under the headings Risk Factors and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in each case included elsewhere in this prospectus.
eHealth
We are the leading online source of health insurance for individuals, families and small businesses. We are licensed to market and sell health insurance in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. We have invested significant time and resources in building a scalable, proprietary ecommerce platform, and we have developed partnerships with over 140 health insurance carriers, enabling us to offer more than 5,000 health insurance products online. Our ecommerce platform can be accessed directly through our website addresses (www.ehealth.com and www.ehealthinsurance.com) as well as through our broad network of marketing partners. We organize and present voluminous and complex health insurance information in a user-friendly format and enable consumers to choose from a wide variety of health insurance products. Our platform enables individuals, families and small businesses to research, analyze, compare and purchase health insurance products that best meet their needs. Our technology also enables us to communicate electronically with our insurance carrier partners and process consumers health insurance applications online. As a result, we simplify and streamline the complex and traditionally paper-intensive health insurance sales and purchasing process. We estimate that as of March 31, 2006, we had more than 300,000 members. We define a member as an individual currently covered by an insurance product for which we are entitled to receive compensation.
Market Opportunity
The private health insurance market is large and growing. Aggregate private health insurance premiums in the United States were estimated to be $658 billion in 2004, and have increased consistently over time, largely unaffected by economic cycles. The individual and family segment and the small business segment, which we currently address, are both well-established and significant components of the private health insurance market. The large size of these markets, combined with the growing number of self-employed individuals and small businesses, the large and increasing number of uninsured, and declining health benefits offered by employers, create a significant opportunity to provide health insurance to individuals, families and small businesses.
The process of selling and purchasing individual, family and small business health insurance is highly localized and has not changed significantly in over 50 years. The purchase and sale of health insurance has historically been complex, time-consuming and paper-intensive. Extensive state government regulation has also made the traditional distribution of health insurance on a national basis difficult.
For the individual, family and small business health insurance markets, the Internets convenient, information-rich and interactive nature offers both the opportunity to provide consumers with more organized information and a broader choice of products than are typically available from traditional health insurance distribution channels. The Internet also offers a means of providing up-to-date health insurance information and products 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and reduces the cost and time associated with marketing, selling, underwriting and administering health insurance products. We believe that individuals, families and small businesses will rapidly adopt a new health insurance distribution medium that harnesses the power of the Internet to address the weaknesses in the current distribution channels.
1
Our Solution and Our Ecommerce Platform
Our ecommerce platform organizes and presents voluminous and complex health insurance information in an unbiased and objective format and empowers individuals, families and small businesses to research, analyze, compare and purchase a wide variety of health insurance products.
Key elements of our platform include:
| Online Rate Quoting and Comprehensive Plan Information. Our ecommerce platform instantly provides consumers online rate quotes and comprehensive plan benefit information from a large number of health insurance carriers. |
| Plan Comparison and Recommendations. Our ecommerce platform enables consumers to compare and contrast health insurance plans in a side-by-side format based on plan characteristics such as price, plan type, deductible amount, co-payment amount and in-network and out-of-network benefits. |
| Online Application and Enrollment Forms. Our online application process offers consumers significant improvements over the traditional, paper-intensive application process. It employs dynamic business logic to help consumers complete application and enrollment forms correctly in real-time. |
| Electronic Processing Interchange. Our Electronic Processing Interchange (EPI) technology integrates our online application process with health insurance carriers technology systems, enabling us to electronically deliver consumers applications to health insurance carriers. This expedites the application and carrier underwriting process by eliminating manual delivery and reducing the need for data entry and human review. |
| Customer Care Center. At any step of the application process, consumers can obtain help from one of our licensed sales and customer service representatives through email, web-based chat or our toll-free telephone number. |
We believe that our ecommerce platform provides our health insurance carrier partners access to new and profitable business. For example, more than 40% of our members were uninsured prior to obtaining health insurance through us, according to an October 2005 survey of our members. We are a leading sales originator for many of the nations leading carriers, including Aetna, Humana, Kaiser Permanente, PacifiCare, Unicare, UnitedHealthcare and a number of leading BlueCross BlueShield carriers. We also enable carriers to reduce their processing costs, expand into new markets and gather and utilize relevant market data.
Our financial model is characterized by recurring revenue, an average member life that exceeds two years and health insurance pricing that is set by each carrier and approved by state regulators. We generate revenue primarily from commissions we receive from health insurance carriers whose policies are purchased through us by individuals, families and small businesses. We typically receive commission payments on a monthly basis for as long as a policy remains active. As a result, much of our revenue for a given financial reporting period relates to policies that we sold prior to the beginning of the period and is recurring in nature. Because health insurance pricing is set by the carrier and approved by state regulators, health insurance pricing is fixed. We, therefore, are not generally subject to negotiation or discounting of prices by health insurance carriers or our competitors.
Our Strategy
Our objective is to continue to strengthen our position as the leading online distribution platform for health insurance sold to individuals, families and small businesses. Key elements of our strategy are to:
| Increase Our Brand Awareness. We intend to increase our direct website traffic by strengthening our brand awareness through a variety of marketing and public relations efforts that highlight our company as a leading source of objective health insurance information and affordable health insurance plans for individuals, families and small businesses. |
2
| Offer the Best Consumer Experience. We intend to further develop an online experience that empowers consumers with the knowledge, choice and services they need to select and purchase health insurance plans that best meet their needs. We also intend to continue to offer a wide selection of health insurance products, including tax-advantaged products such as Health Savings Account-eligible health plans that make health insurance more affordable and accessible for consumers. |
| Extend Our Technology Leadership. We plan to continue to enhance our platform and its key capabilities to increase functionality, reliability, scalability and performance. In addition, we intend to continue to explore new ways to leverage and enhance our technology, including the licensing of our technology to carriers, enabling them to market and sell their products online, the introduction of new products and services, and our entry into new markets. |
| Broaden Our Carrier Network. We intend to continue to add new health insurance carriers to our ecommerce platform, expand our existing carrier relationships and work closely with our carrier partners to help them more efficiently utilize our ecommerce platform to access previously underserved markets. |
| Expand Our Network of Marketing Partners and Other Member Acquisition Programs. We plan to continue to develop and expand our marketing relationships with banking, insurance, mortgage, and other services and association partners. |
| Continue Our Public Policy and Legislative Assistance and Support. We plan to continue to serve as a resource regarding the health insurance market to legislative and public policy organizations, without regard to political affiliation, as well as serve as an advocate for affordable and accessible health insurance. |
Risk Factors
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the section entitled Risk Factors immediately following this prospectus summary, that primarily represent challenges we face in connection with the successful implementation of our strategy and the growth of our business. These risks and uncertainties include our history of losses and need to establish and maintain profitability on an annual basis, our dependence upon widespread consumer and health insurance carrier acceptance of the Internet and our ecommerce platform as a marketplace for the purchase and sale of health insurance, our ability to increase our membership base and expand our relationships with health insurance carriers and marketing partners, the effectiveness of our marketing and public relations efforts in promoting our brand, our reliance upon the performance, reliability and availability of our ecommerce platform and underlying network infrastructure, our ability to compete effectively, our exposure to online commerce security risks and changes in and our compliance with Internet-related laws and the strict regulatory environment applicable to the health insurance industry and the specific products we sell.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 440 East Middlefield Road, Mountain View, California 94043, and our telephone number is (650) 584-2700. Our website addresses are www.ehealth.com and www.ehealthinsurance.com. The information on or that can be accessed through our website is not part of this prospectus.
Except where the context requires otherwise, eHealth, we, us and our refer to eHealth, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. eHealth and eHealthInsurance.com are registered trademarks of eHealth in the United States. This prospectus also includes other registered and unregistered trademarks of eHealth and other persons.
3
THE OFFERING
Common stock offered by us |
shares | |
Common stock to be outstanding after this offering |
shares | |
Use of proceeds |
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for working capital and for other general corporate purposes. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire complementary technologies or businesses. See Use of Proceeds. | |
Proposed Nasdaq National Market symbol |
EHTH |
The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 31,698,137 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2006. The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering does not include:
| 10,618,761 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2006 with a weighted average exercise price of $1.53 per share; |
| 4,000,000 shares of common stock to be initially reserved for issuance under our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan; and |
| an additional 633,372 shares of common stock reserved as of March 31, 2006 for issuance under our other equity compensation plans, which will not be available for issuance after this offering. See ManagementEquity Benefit Plans and Note 7 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements. |
Except as otherwise indicated, the information in this prospectus assumes:
| the conversion of all our outstanding preferred stock and Class A nonvoting common stock as of March 31, 2006 into 21,975,270 shares of common stock upon the closing of this offering; and |
| no exercise by the underwriters of their right to purchase shares of common stock to cover over-allotments. |
4
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The consolidated statements of operations and balance sheet data below should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, as well as Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in any future period.
Year Ended December 31, | Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commission |
$ | 9,166 | $ | 16,500 | $ | 21,868 | $ | 29,783 | $ | 41,237 | $ | 8,924 | $ | 12,719 | |||||||||||||
License and other |
121 | 80 | 368 | 432 | 515 | 76 | 316 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
9,287 | 16,580 | 22,236 | 30,215 | 41,752 | 9,000 | 13,035 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue |
103 | 542 | 600 | 447 | 614 | 120 | 204 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Marketing and advertising (1) |
10,384 | 7,472 | 7,002 | 12,732 | 17,786 | 3,774 | 4,860 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Customer care and enrollment (1) |
6,905 | 5,906 | 6,185 | 7,577 | 8,822 | 1,996 | 2,596 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Technology and content (1) |
7,293 | 6,668 | 6,595 | 7,461 | 8,054 | 1,870 | 2,256 | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative (1) |
5,791 | 5,644 | 5,123 | 5,385 | 7,108 | 1,562 | 2,085 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses |
30,476 | 26,232 | 25,505 | 33,602 | 42,384 | 9,322 | 12,001 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
(21,189 | ) | (9,652 | ) | (3,269 | ) | (3,387 | ) | (632 | ) | (322 | ) | 1,034 | ||||||||||||||
Other income, net |
1,422 | 6 | 74 | 60 | 239 | 40 | 91 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |
(19,767 | ) | (9,646 | ) | (3,195 | ) | (3,327 | ) | (393 | ) | (282 | ) | 1,125 | ||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
| | | | 21 | | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (19,767 | ) | $ | (9,646 | ) | $ | (3,195 | ) | $ | (3,327 | ) | $ | (414 | ) | $ | (282 | ) | $ | 1,102 | |||||||
_________ |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes stock-based compensation as follows: |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marketing and advertising |
$ | | $ | | $ | 49 | $ | 59 | $ | 97 | $ | 5 | $ | | |||||||||||||
Customer care and enrollment |
| | 25 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Technology and content |
| | 9 | 14 | 62 | 12 | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
269 | 68 | 9 | 19 | 26 | 5 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 269 | $ | 68 | $ | 92 | $ | 99 | $ | 191 | $ | 24 | $ | 41 | |||||||||||||
5
The consolidated balance sheet data in the table below presents a summary of our consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2006:
| on an actual basis; and |
| on a pro forma basis, giving effect to the conversion of all of our outstanding shares of preferred stock and Class A nonvoting common stock as of March 31, 2006 into an aggregate of 21,975,270 shares of common stock upon the closing of this offering, and to our receipt of the net proceeds from our sale of shares of common stock at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. |
As of March 31, 2006 | ||||||||
Actual | Pro Forma | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 9,356 | $ | |||||
Working capital |
4,717 | |||||||
Total assets |
15,666 | |||||||
Other non-current liabilities |
209 | 209 | ||||||
Convertible preferred stock |
86,319 | | ||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(79,030 | ) | (79,030 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
(76,816 | ) |
6
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this prospectus, including the consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus, before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our common stock could decline and you could lose part or even all of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our future operating results are likely to fluctuate and could fall short of expectations
Our operating results are likely to fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, including the factors described elsewhere in this Risk Factors section, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful and you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our common stock could decline substantially.
Our business model is characterized primarily by recurring revenue based on commissions we receive from insurance carriers whose policies are purchased by our members. Although our services are complete upon the approval of a members application, we receive commissions and record related revenue, typically on a monthly basis, until the health insurance policy is cancelled or we otherwise do not remain the agent on the policy. A significant component of our marketing and advertising expenses consists of payments owed to our marketing partners in connection with referrals of potential members in the period during which an application is submitted by the potential member. As a result of this timing difference between expense and associated revenue recognition, our operating results and cash flow may be adversely affected in periods where we experience a significant increase in new applicants. In addition, if we incur other unanticipated or one-time expenses in a particular quarter or if we lose a significant amount of our member base for any reason, we would likely be unable to offset these expenses by increasing sales within that quarter or to replace lost revenue in the quarter with revenue from new members. As a result, our quarterly results may suffer due to unanticipated expenses, one-time charges or significant member turnover.
We have a history of losses and our rate of growth may decline
We have a history of net losses and have only achieved net profitability for the quarters ended June 30, 2005, December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2006. We incurred net losses of $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 and $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. As of March 31, 2006, our accumulated deficit was $79.0 million. We may in the future make significant expenditures related to the development of our business, including expenditures relating to marketing, website and technology development and hiring of additional personnel. In addition, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses as a public company that we did not incur as a private company. Maintaining profitability will require us to generate and sustain substantially increased revenue. Although we have experienced revenue growth in prior periods, this growth may not be sustainable, and we may not achieve sufficient revenue to maintain profitability. Our future revenue growth will depend in large part upon our ability to continue to attract new individuals, families and small businesses to purchase health insurance through our ecommerce platform. To the extent that the rate of growth of our net new members slows, our revenue growth is also likely to slow. In addition, the commission rates that we receive for individuals and families are typically higher in the first twelve months of a policy. As a result, to the extent that the rate of growth of new members slows, our revenue could decline.
If the purchase of health insurance over the Internet does not achieve and maintain widespread consumer and health insurance carrier acceptance, or if consumers or carriers opt for more traditional channels for the purchase and sale of health insurance, our business will be harmed
Our success will depend in large part upon widespread consumer and health insurance carrier acceptance of the Internet as a marketplace for the purchase and sale of health insurance. Consumers and health insurance
7
carriers may choose to depend more on traditional sources, such as individual agents, or alternative sources may develop. Our future growth, if any, will depend in part upon:
| the growth of the Internet as a commerce medium generally, and as a market for consumer financial products and services specifically; |
| consumers willingness to conduct their own health insurance research; |
| our ability to make the process of purchasing health insurance online an attractive alternative to traditional means of purchasing health insurance; |
| our ability to successfully and cost-effectively market our services as superior to traditional sources for health insurance to a sufficiently large number of consumers; and |
| health insurance carriers willingness to use us and the Internet as a distribution channel for health insurance products. |
If consumers and health insurance carriers do not widely adopt the Internet as a source for the purchase and sale of health insurance, or if they determine that other sources for health insurance and health insurance applications are superior, our business will not grow and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.
Our business may not grow if consumers are not informed about the availability and accessibility of affordable health insurance
Numerous health insurance products are available to consumers in any given market. Most of these products vary by price, benefits and other policy features. Health insurance terminology and provisions are often confusing and difficult to understand. As a result, researching, selecting and purchasing health insurance can be a complex process. We believe that this complexity has contributed to a perception held by many consumers that individual health insurance is prohibitively expensive and difficult to obtain. We attempt to make the health insurance research and application process on our website understandable and user-friendly. We also attempt to use our website to educate consumers about the accessibility and affordability of health insurance. If consumers are not informed about the availability and accessibility of affordable health insurance, our business may not grow and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.
If we are unable to retain our members, our business and operating results would be harmed
We receive revenue from commissions health insurance carriers pay to us for health insurance policies sold through our ecommerce platform. When one of these policies is cancelled, or if we otherwise do not remain the agent on the policy, we no longer receive the related commission revenue. Individuals, families and small businesses may choose to discontinue their health insurance policies for a variety of reasons. For example, individuals and families may replace a health insurance policy purchased through us with a health insurance plan provided by a new or existing employer. In addition, our members may choose to transfer their policies to a different agent if, for example, they are not satisfied with our customer service or the health insurance products that we offer. Health insurance carriers may also terminate health insurance plans offered on our ecommerce platform. If we are not successful in transferring members covered under a terminated plan to another policy that we offer, we will lose these members. Our cost in acquiring a new member is substantially greater than the cost involved in maintaining our relationship with an existing member. If we are not able to successfully retain existing members and limit member turnover to levels we have experienced in the past, our operating margins will be adversely impacted and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.
Our business may be harmed if we lose our relationships with health insurance carriers, become dependent upon a limited number of insurance carriers or fail to develop new carrier relationships
We typically enter into contractual agency relationships with health insurance carriers that are non-exclusive and terminable on short notice by either party for any reason. Carriers may be unwilling to allow us to sell their
8
health insurance products for a variety of reasons, including competitive or regulatory reasons, as a result of a reluctance to distribute their products over the Internet or because they do not want to be associated with our brand. For example, one carrier terminated its relationship with us with respect to the policies it offers in a particular state because the carrier decided to sell those policies through agents that exclusively offered that particular carriers products. In the future, an increasing number of carriers may decide to rely on their own internal distribution channels, including traditional in-house agents and carrier websites, to sell their own products and, in turn, could limit or prohibit us from selling their products on our ecommerce platform. Carriers may also choose not to distribute insurance products in the individual, family and small business markets.
We may decide to terminate our relationship with a carrier for a number of reasons, including as a result of a reduction in a carriers financial ratings, a carrier determining to pay lower commissions or a carrier demanding a sales process that we believe impairs the value of our service. The termination of our relationship with a carrier could reduce the variety of health insurance products we offer, which could harm our business. We also would lose a source of commissions for future sales, and, in a limited number of cases, future commissions for past sales. Our business could also be harmed if in the future we fail to develop new carrier relationships and are unable to offer consumers a wide variety of health insurance products.
The health insurance industry in the United States has experienced a substantial amount of consolidation over the past several years, resulting in a decrease in the number of health insurance carriers. In the future, we may be forced to offer insurance policies from a reduced number of insurance carriers or to derive a greater portion of our revenue from a more concentrated number of carriers as our business and the health insurance industry evolve. Commission revenue we derived from our agreement with Golden Rule Insurance Company, which is owned by UnitedHealthcare, represented 17% of our total revenue in 2005. Our commission revenue derived from our agreement with Blue Cross of California and Unicare, which are owned by WellPoint, represented 15% of our total revenue in 2005. These agreements are terminable on short notice by either party for any reason. Should our dependence on fewer carrier relationships increase (whether as a result of the termination of carrier relationships, further carrier consolidation or otherwise), we may become more vulnerable to adverse changes in our relationships with our carriers, particularly in states where we offer health insurance from a relatively smaller number of carriers or where a small number of carriers dominates the market, and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.
Changes in the quality and affordability of the health insurance products that carriers offer on our ecommerce platform could harm our business and operating results
The demand for health insurance marketed through our ecommerce platform is impacted by, among other things, the variety, quality and price of the health insurance products offered on our ecommerce platform. If health insurance carriers do not continue to provide us with a variety of high-quality, affordable health insurance products in the individual, family and small business markets, or if their offerings are limited as a result of consolidation in the health insurance industry or otherwise, our sales may decrease and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.
Health insurance carriers could determine to reduce the commissions paid to us or to change their underwriting practices in ways that reduce the number of insurance policies sold through our ecommerce platform, which could harm our business and operating results
Our commission rates, and the commission override payments we receive from health insurance carriers for achieving sales volume thresholds or other objectives, are either set by each carrier or negotiated between us and each carrier. Carriers have altered, and may in the future alter, the contractual relationships we have with them, either by renegotiation or unilateral action. If these contractual changes result in reduced commissions, our business may suffer and our operating results and financial condition could be harmed. In addition, carriers periodically change the criteria they use for determining whether they are willing to insure individuals. In the past, these changes have resulted in a decrease in the number of insurance policies we would have otherwise
9
sold. Future changes in carrier underwriting criteria could negatively impact sales of insurance policies on our ecommerce platform and could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, our business and operating results will be harmed
We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brand identity is critical to our relationships with existing members, marketing partners and health insurance carriers and to our ability to attract new members, marketing partners and carriers. The promotion of our brand may require us to make substantial investments and we anticipate that, as our market becomes increasingly competitive, these branding initiatives may become increasingly difficult and expensive. The successful promotion of our brand will depend largely upon our marketing and public relations efforts and our ability to continue to offer high-quality products and services in an understandable and objective manner. Our brand promotion activities may not be successful or yield increased revenue, and to the extent that these activities yield increased revenue, the increased revenue may not offset the expenses we incur. In addition, we may take actions that have the unintended consequence of harming our brand. For instance, we currently receive payment from a limited number of insurance carriers for the prominent listing of certain health insurance products on our website. We disclose this practice on our website, and although we do not believe it harms our objectivity, consumers may have a different perception. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our brand, our business may not grow and we could lose marketing partners and members, which could, in turn, cause health insurance carriers to terminate their relationships with us, all of which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
If we are not successful in converting visitors to our website into members, our business and operating results would be harmed
Our growth depends in part upon growth in our membership. The rate at which we convert consumers visiting our ecommerce platform and seeking to purchase health insurance into members is a significant factor in the growth of our membership. A number of factors could influence this conversion rate for any given period, some of which are outside of our control. These factors include:
| the quality of the consumer experience on our ecommerce platform and with our customer care center; |
| the variety and affordability of the health insurance products that we offer; |
| system failures or interruptions in the operation of our ecommerce platform; |
| changes in the mix of consumers who are referred to us through our direct, marketing partner and online advertising member acquisition channels; |
| the number, type and identity of the health insurance carriers offering the health insurance products for which consumers have expressed interest, and the degree to which our technology is integrated with those carriers; and |
| the health insurance carrier underwriting guidelines applicable to applications submitted by consumers and the amount of time a carrier takes to make a decision on that application. |
In the event the rate at which we convert consumers visiting our ecommerce platform into members declines, our membership growth rate will decline, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
System failures or capacity constraints could harm our business and operating results
Our revenue depends upon the number of health insurance applications consumers submit utilizing our ecommerce platform that are approved by health insurance carriers. As a result, the performance, reliability and availability of our ecommerce platform and underlying network infrastructure are critical to our financial results, our brand and our relationship with members, marketing partners and health insurance carriers. Although we
10
regularly attempt to enhance our ecommerce platform and system infrastructure, system failures and interruptions may occur if we are unsuccessful in these efforts, if we are unable to accurately project the rate or timing of increases in our website traffic or for other reasons, some of which are completely outside our control. Although we have experienced only minor system failures and interruptions to date, we could experience significant failures and interruptions in the future, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
We rely in part upon third-party vendors, including data center and bandwidth providers, to operate our ecommerce platform. We cannot predict whether additional network capacity will be available from these vendors as we need it, and our network or our suppliers networks might be unable to achieve or maintain a sufficiently high capacity of data transmission to allow us to process health insurance applications in a timely manner or effectively download data, especially if our website traffic increases. Any system failure that causes an interruption in, or decreases the responsiveness of, our service would impair our revenue-generating capabilities and harm our business and operating results and damage our reputation. In addition, consumers may access our customer care center for assistance in connection with submitting health insurance applications through our ecommerce platform. We depend upon third parties, including telephone service providers, to operate our customer care center. Any failure of the systems that we rely upon in the operation of our customer care center could negatively impact sales of insurance policies through our ecommerce platform and could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our data center operations are located in leased facilities in Redwood City, California. If we experience a system failure or disruption, the performance of our website would be harmed and our service could shut down. Our database and systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, earthquakes, fire, floods, power loss, telecommunications failures, physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, other attempts to harm our systems and similar events. Our operations are particularly vulnerable to earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay Area. Although we maintain insurance to cover a variety of risks, the scope and amount of our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover damage or liabilities incurred by us. For example, we do not carry insurance covering damage resulting directly from earthquakes. In addition, the amount of any uninsured liabilities may exceed our financial resources and materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Although we regularly back-up our system and store these system back-ups in a site located in the greater Sacramento, California area, we do not have full second-site redundancy. If we were forced to rely on our system back-ups, we would experience significant delays in restoring the functionality of our website and could experience loss of data, which would harm our business and our operating results. We intend to create a fully redundant disaster recovery system for our data center and website. We may face significant technical challenges in successfully replicating our system and database. Any steps that we take to increase the redundancy and reliability of our systems may be expensive and may not be successful in reducing the frequency or duration of system failures or website downtime.
We depend upon Internet search engines to attract a significant portion of the consumers who visit our website, and if we are unable to advertise on search engines on a cost-effective basis, our business and operating results would be harmed
We derive a significant portion of our website traffic from consumers who search for health insurance through Internet search engines, such as Google, MSN and Yahoo!. A critical factor in attracting consumers to our website is whether we are prominently displayed in response to an Internet search relating to health insurance. Search engines typically provide two types of search results, unpaid (natural) listings and paid advertisements. We rely on both unpaid listings and paid advertisements to attract consumers to our website.
Unpaid search result listings are determined and displayed in accordance with a set of formulas or algorithms developed by the particular Internet search engine. The algorithms determine the order of the listing of results in response to the consumers Internet search. From time to time, search engines revise these
11
algorithms. In some instances, these modifications have caused our website to be listed less prominently in unpaid search results, which has resulted in decreased traffic to our website. Our website may also become listed less prominently in unpaid search results for other reasons, such as search engine technical difficulties, search engine technical changes and changes we decide to make to our website. In addition, search engines have deemed the practices of some companies to be inconsistent with search engine guidelines and decided not to list their website in search result listings at all. If we are listed less prominently in search result listings for any reason, the traffic to our website likely would decline, which would harm our operating results. If we decide to attempt to replace this traffic, we may be required to increase our marketing expenditures, which also would harm our operating results.
We also purchase paid advertisements on search engines in order to attract users to our website. We typically pay a search engine for prominent placement of our name and website when particular health insurance-related terms are searched for on the search engine, regardless of the unpaid search result listings. In some circumstances, such as with Google AdWords, the prominence of the placement of our name and website is determined by a combination of factors, including the amount we are willing to pay and algorithms designed to determine the relevance of our paid advertisement to a particular search term. We bid against our competitors and others for the display of these paid search engine advertisements. If there is increased competition for the display of paid advertisements in response to search terms related to our business, our advertising expenses could rise significantly or we could reduce or discontinue our paid search advertisements, either of which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
We rely significantly on marketing partners for the sale of health insurance on our ecommerce platform and our business and operating results would be harmed if we are unable to maintain effective relationships with our existing marketing partners or if we do not establish successful relationships with new marketing partners
In addition to marketing through Internet search engines, we frequently enter into contractual marketing relationships with other online and offline businesses that promote us to their customers. These marketing partners include financial and online service companies, affiliate programs and online advertisers and content providers. We typically compensate our marketing partners for their referrals on a submitted health insurance application basis and, if they are licensed to sell health insurance, may share a percentage of the commission we earn from the health insurance carrier for each member referred by the marketing partner. Although many of our marketing partners agree to an initial one or two-year term contract, some of our marketing partner agreements are terminable more quickly.
Many factors influence the success of our relationship with our marketing partners, including:
| the continued positive market presence, reputation and growth of the marketing partner; |
| the effectiveness of the marketing partner in marketing our website and service; |
| the interest of the marketing partners customers in the health insurance products that we offer on our ecommerce platform; |
| the contractual terms we negotiate with the marketing partner, including the marketing fee we agree to pay a marketing partner; |
| the percentage of the marketing partners customers that submit applications or purchase health insurance policies through our ecommerce platform; |
| the ability of a marketing partner to maintain efficient and uninterrupted operation of its website; and |
| our ability to work with the marketing partner to implement website changes, launch marketing campaigns and pursue other initiatives necessary to maintain positive consumer experiences and acceptable traffic volumes. |
12
If we are unable to maintain successful relationships with our existing marketing partners or fail to establish successful relationships with new marketing partners, our business, operating results and financial condition will be harmed.
The demand for the health insurance products that we market and sell can be significantly impacted by economic and other factors beyond our control
Our revenue depends upon demand for health insurance in the individual, family and small business markets, which can be influenced by a variety of factors beyond our control. For instance, we believe that the number of small businesses is growing and that an increasing number of individuals are becoming self-employed. In addition, as a result of substantial health insurance premium inflation in recent years, we believe that many employers are seeking to reduce the costs associated with providing health insurance to their employees, including offering fewer benefits to employees, reducing or eliminating dependent coverage, increasing employee health insurance premium contributions and eliminating health insurance benefits altogether. We also believe that demand in the individual and family health insurance market will increase as the employees of these employers look to other sources for their health insurance needs and as the number of small businesses and self-employed individuals increases. We have no control over the economic and other factors that influence these trends, and if these trends reverse, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.
We rely on health insurance carriers to accurately and regularly prepare commission reports, and if these reports are inaccurate or not sent to us in a timely manner, our business and operating results could be harmed
Health insurance carriers typically pay us a specified percentage of the premium amount collected by the carrier during the period that a member maintains coverage under a policy. We rely on carriers to report accurately and in a timely manner the amount of commissions earned by us, and we calculate our commission revenue, prepare our financial reports, projections and budgets and direct our marketing and other operating efforts based on the reports we receive from health insurance carriers. It is often difficult for us to independently determine whether or not carriers are reporting all commissions due to us, primarily because the majority of our members terminate their policies by discontinuing their premium payments to the carrier instead of by informing us of the cancellation. To the extent that health insurance carriers understate or fail to report the amount of commissions due to us in a timely manner or at all, we will not collect and recognize revenue to which we are entitled, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our operating results fluctuate depending upon health insurance carrier payment practices and the timing of our receipt of commission reports from health insurance carriers
The timing of our revenue depends upon the timing of our receipt of commission reports and associated payments from health insurance carriers. Although carriers typically report and pay commissions to us on a monthly basis, there have been instances where their report of commissions and payment have been delayed for several months. In addition, much of our commission override revenue is not reported and paid to us in accordance with a scheduled pattern, and some is only reported and paid to us once per year. This could result in a large amount of commission revenue from a carrier being recorded in a given quarter that is not indicative of the amount of revenue we may receive from that carrier in subsequent quarters, causing fluctuations in our operating results. We could report revenue below the expectations of our investors or securities analysts in any particular period if a material report or payment from a health insurance carrier were delayed for any reason.
We may be unsuccessful in competing effectively against current and future competitors
The market for selling health insurance products is intensely competitive and the sale of health insurance over the Internet is new and rapidly evolving. Consumers have the ability to use several sources other than our ecommerce platform to research and purchase health insurance. In addition, consumers can research health
13
insurance using our ecommerce platform and purchase their health insurance through one of our competitors. We compete with a large number of local insurance agents across the United States that sell health insurance products in their local communities. Some of these traditional insurance agents utilize the Internet in various ways to acquire their customers. For instance, some local agents use lead aggregator services that find potential consumers and are compensated for referring that consumer to the traditional agent. As we do, lead aggregators often use Internet search engines and other forms of online advertising to drive Internet traffic to the lead aggregators website.
In addition to traditional agents, a number of agents operate websites that provide some form of online shopping experience for consumers interested in purchasing health insurance. Although most of these online agents only sell health insurance in a limited number of states and/or represent only a limited number of health insurance carriers, these agents could expand their service area and product offerings. Moreover, while national insurance brokers such as Aon Insurance Services, Arthur J. Gallagher & Co., Marsh, Inc. and Willis Group Limited, have traditionally not focused on the individual, family and small business markets, they could enter these markets and compete with us in the future, particularly if these markets continue to grow. We also compete directly with health insurance carriers, including many of the carriers that offer health insurance through our ecommerce platform. Many carriers market and sell their health insurance plans directly to consumers using call centers, their own websites and other means. We also believe that we are likely to face increasing competition as the online financial services industry develops and evolves.
We may not be able to compete successfully against our current or future competitors. Some of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, greater brand recognition and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do. As compared to us, our current and future competitors may be able to:
| undertake more extensive marketing campaigns for their brands and services; |
| devote more resources to website and systems development; |
| negotiate more favorable commission rates and commission override payments; and |
| make more attractive offers to potential employees, marketing partners and third-party service providers. |
Competitive pressures may result in our experiencing increased marketing costs, decreased traffic to our website and loss of market share, or otherwise may harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
There are many risks associated with our operations in China
A portion of our operations is conducted in China. Among other things, we use employees in China to maintain and update the significant amount of software on our ecommerce platform. This and other information is delivered to us through secured communications over the Internet. Our business would be harmed if this connection temporarily failed, and we were prevented from promptly updating our software or implementing other changes to our database and systems. Our operations in China also expose us to different and unfamiliar laws, rules and regulations, including different intellectual property laws, which are not as protective of our intellectual property as the laws in the United States, and different labor and tax laws. United States and Chinese trade laws may impose restrictions on the importation of programming or technology to or from the United States.
These risks could cause us to incur increased expenses and could harm our ability to effectively and successfully manage our operations in China, which in turn could cause our business, operating results and financial condition to suffer. We plan to continue to expand our Chinese operations. These expansion plans will require additional management attention and resources and may be unsuccessful, as we have limited experience with respect to operations in China.
14
We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could harm our business and operating results
We believe that our intellectual property is an essential asset of our business and that our technology infrastructure currently gives us a competitive advantage in the distribution of individual, family and small business health insurance. We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark and trade secret laws as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to establish and protect our intellectual property rights in the United States. Although we have pending patent applications in the United States, they may not result in issued patents. We have not filed for protection of our intellectual property in any foreign jurisdiction other than China. We have Chinese-registered computer software copyrights for an internally-developed software system and a project management tool and have filed certain trademark applications in China. We have not filed any patent applications in China. The efforts we have taken to protect our intellectual property may not be sufficient or effective, and our trademarks, copyrights and patents if issued, may be held invalid or unenforceable. Moreover, the law relating to intellectual property is not as developed in China, and our intellectual property rights may not be as respected in China as they are in the United States. Any United States or other patents issued to us may not be sufficiently broad to protect our proprietary technologies, and given the costs of obtaining patent protection, we may choose not to seek patent protection for certain of our proprietary technologies. We may not be effective in policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property, and even if we do detect violations, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. Any enforcement efforts we undertake, including litigation, could be time-consuming and expensive, could divert our managements attention and may result in a court determining that our intellectual property rights are unenforceable. If we are not successful in cost-effectively protecting our intellectual property rights, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.
We may in the future be subject to intellectual property rights claims, which are extremely costly to defend, could require us to pay significant damages and could limit our ability to use certain technologies in the future
Companies in the Internet and technology industries own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets and frequently enter into litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. We have received, and may in the future receive, notices that claim we have misappropriated or misused other parties intellectual property rights, and, to the extent we gain greater visibility, we face a higher risk of being the subject of intellectual property infringement claims. There may be third-party intellectual property rights, including issued or pending patents, that cover significant aspects of our technologies or business methods. Any intellectual property claim against us, with or without merit, could be time consuming, expensive to settle or litigate and could divert our managements attention and other resources. These claims also could subject us to significant liability for damages and could result in our having to stop using technology found to be in violation of a third partys rights. We might be required to seek a license for third-party intellectual property, which may not be available on reasonable terms or at all. Even if a license is available, we could be required to pay significant royalties, which would increase our operating expenses. We may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort and expense. If we cannot license or develop technology for any infringing aspect of our business, we would be forced to limit our service and may be unable to compete effectively. Any of these results would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Any legal liability for the information on our website or that we otherwise communicate to our members will likely harm our business and operating results
Our members rely upon information we publish on our website or through our customer care center or otherwise regarding the health insurance plans offered on our website, including information relating to insurance premiums, coverage, benefits, exclusions, limitations, availability, plan comparisons and insurance company ratings. A significant amount of both automated and manual effort is required to maintain the
15
considerable amount of insurance plan information on our website. If the information we provide on our website or through our customer care center is not accurate, members, health insurance carriers and others could claim that we are liable for damages to them as a result of the inaccuracy. In the past, we have received complaints from members that information we provided regarding policy terms was not accurate. Although we have resolved these complaints without significant financial cost, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so in the future. In addition, these types of claims could be time-consuming and expensive to defend, could divert our managements attention and other resources and could cause a loss of confidence in our service. As a result, whether or not we are able to successfully resolve these claims, they could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Future litigation against us could be costly and time-consuming to defend
We have been, and may in the future be, subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business including, without limitation, those related to labor and contract disputes. Litigation may result in substantial costs and may divert managements attention and resources, which may harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
We rely on insurance to mitigate some risks and, to the extent the cost of insurance increases or we maintain insufficient coverage, our business and operating results may be harmed
We contract for insurance to cover potential business risks and liabilities. In the current environment, insurance companies are increasingly specific about what they will and will not insure. It is possible that we may not be able to obtain sufficient insurance to meet our needs, may have to pay very high prices for the coverage we do obtain or may not acquire any insurance for certain types of business risk. This could leave us exposed, and to the extent we incur liabilities and expenses for which we are not adequately insured, our business, operating results and financial condition could be negatively impacted. Also, to the extent the cost of maintaining insurance increases, our operating expenses will rise, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our ability to attract and retain personnel is critical to our success
Our success is substantially dependent upon the performance of our senior management and key personnel. Our management and employees can terminate their employment at any time, and the loss of the services of any of our executive officers or key employees, such as our senior vice president and general manager of small business and our vice president, strategic initiatives, could harm our business. Our success is also substantially dependent upon our ability to attract additional personnel for all areas of our organization. Competition for qualified personnel is intense, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel on a timely basis, on competitive terms or at all. If we are unable to attract and retain the necessary personnel, our business would be harmed.
Many of our senior management and key employees have become, or will soon become, substantially vested in their stock options. For example, our chief executive officer, our chief financial officer and our chief technology officer are vested in more than 75% of their total outstanding stock options. While we have in the past, and may in the future, grant these employees additional stock options, these employees may be more likely to leave us after their existing stock options fully vest, especially if the shares underlying the options have significantly appreciated in value relative to the option exercise price. While we have entered into offer letters with our senior management and key employees, they work for us on an at-will basis. Our business could be harmed if we lose their services.
If we fail to manage future growth effectively, our business and operating results would be harmed
We have expanded our operations significantly and anticipate that further expansion will be required in order for us to grow our business. Our growth has placed, and if our growth continues will continue to place,
16
increasing and significant demands on our management, our operational and financial systems and infrastructure and our other resources. If we do not effectively manage our growth, the quality of our services could suffer, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In order to manage future growth, we will need to hire, integrate and retain highly skilled and motivated employees. We will also be required to continue to improve our existing systems for operational and financial management, including our reporting systems, procedures and controls. These improvements may require significant capital expenditures and will place increasing demands on our management. We may not be successful in managing or expanding our operations or in maintaining adequate financial and operating systems and controls. If we do not successfully implement improvements in these areas, our business, operating results and financial condition will be harmed.
Seasonality may cause fluctuations in our financial results
The number of health insurance applications submitted through our ecommerce platform has generally increased in our first quarter compared to our fourth quarter and in our third quarter compared to our second quarter. Conversely, we have generally experienced a decline in submitted applications in our second quarter compared to our first quarter and in our fourth quarter compared to our third quarter. Because a significant portion of our marketing and advertising expenses are driven by the number of health insurance applications submitted on our ecommerce platform, those expenses generally have increased or decreased in conjunction with these seasonal patterns. We believe that consumer adoption of the Internet is still in its early stages and, therefore, the reasons for these seasonal patterns are not entirely clear. As the use of the Internet for the purchase and sale of health insurance becomes more widely accepted, other seasonality trends may develop and the existing seasonality and consumer behavior that we experience may change. Any seasonality that we experience may cause fluctuations in our financial results.
Future acquisitions could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition and operating results
In the future, we may decide to acquire businesses, products and technologies. We have not made any acquisitions to date, and our ability as an organization to successfully make acquisitions is unproven. Acquisitions could require significant capital infusions and could involve many risks, including the following:
| an acquisition may negatively impact our results of operations because it may require us to incur charges and substantial debt or liabilities, may require the amortization, write down or impairment of amounts related to deferred compensation, goodwill and other intangible assets, or may cause adverse tax consequences, substantial depreciation or deferred compensation charges; |
| we may encounter difficulties in assimilating and integrating the business, technologies, products, personnel or operations of companies that we acquire, particularly if key personnel of the acquired company decide not to work for us; |
| an acquisition may disrupt our ongoing business, divert resources, increase our expenses and distract our management; |
| we may be required to implement or improve internal controls, procedures and policies appropriate for a public company at a business that prior to the acquisition lacked these controls, procedures and policies; |
| the acquired businesses, products or technologies may not generate sufficient revenue to offset acquisition costs; |
| we may have to issue equity securities to complete an acquisition, which would dilute our stockholders ownership and could adversely affect the market price of our common stock; and |
| acquisitions may involve the entry into geographic or business markets in which we have little or no prior experience. |
We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify or consummate any future acquisition on favorable terms, or at all. If we do pursue an acquisition, it is possible that we may not realize the anticipated benefits from
17
the acquisition or that the financial markets or investors will negatively view the acquisition. Even if we successfully complete an acquisition, it could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
We may not be able to secure additional financing in a timely manner, or at all, to meet our future capital needs
We may require additional capital to respond to business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions or unforeseen circumstances and may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons. We may not be able to secure additional debt or equity financing in a timely manner, or at all.
Any additional financing we secure may be subject to terms that are unfavorable to us and our stockholders
If we raise additional capital through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution in their percentage ownership of us, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock, including shares of common stock sold in this offering. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions.
Issues arising from the implementation of our new commission accounting system and an enterprise data management system could affect our operating results and ability to manage our business effectively
We are in the process of implementing a new commission accounting system, which we currently expect to complete in 2006. In addition, we are in the initial stages of implementing an enterprise data management system. Each of these systems is or will be important to our accounting, financial and operating functions, and the implementation of these systems raises costs and risks associated with the conversion to new systems, including disruption to our normal accounting procedures and problems achieving accuracy in the conversion of electronic data. Failure to properly or adequately address these issues could result in increased costs, and the diversion of managements attention and resources and could harm our operating results and ability to manage our business effectively.
If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate financial statements could be impaired, which could adversely affect our operating results, our ability to operate our business and our stock price
We have a complex business organization. Ensuring that we have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place to help ensure that we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that needs to be re-evaluated frequently. We are in the process of documenting, reviewing and improving our internal controls and procedures in connection with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Section 404 requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and a report by our independent auditors addressing these assessments. Both we and our independent auditors will be testing our internal controls in connection with the Section 404 requirements and could, as part of that documentation and testing, identify areas for further attention or improvement. Implementing any appropriate changes to our internal controls may require specific compliance training of our directors, officers and employees, entail substantial costs in order to modify our existing accounting systems and take a significant period of time to complete. These changes may not, however, be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal controls, and any failure to maintain that adequacy, or the consequent inability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis, could increase our operating costs and could harm our ability to operate our business. In addition, investor perception that our internal controls are inadequate or that we are unable to produce accurate financial statements on a consistent basis may adversely affect our stock price.
18
Our net income in future periods could be significantly reduced when we are required to expense employee stock options
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123 (Revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, or SFAS 123R. SFAS 123R requires measurement of all employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method and the recording of such expense in the consolidated financial statements. The adoption of SFAS 123R requires additional accounting related to the income tax effects, and additional disclosure regarding the cash flow effects, resulting from share-based payment arrangements. We adopted SFAS 123R on January 1, 2006. As permitted, we will continue to account for the portion of awards outstanding on or before December 31, 2005 using the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and its related interpretative guidance. Because the amount, terms and fair values of awards to be issued in the future are unknown, we are unable to predict the future impact of SFAS 123R on our consolidated financial statements. However, we expect that the impact could be material over time as the number of options issued and outstanding after January 1, 2006 increases.
We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company
As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. We will incur costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. We also anticipate that we will incur costs associated with corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the National Association of Securities Dealers. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We also expect that being a public company will make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. Any of these expenses could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Any expansion of our business into foreign countries involves significant risks
Although we currently do not sell health insurance or license our technology platform outside the United States, we are exploring ways to expand our business into foreign countries, particularly China. We would face significant challenges in connection with expanding our business into a foreign country. Demand for private health insurance is not significant in many foreign countries as a result of government-sponsored healthcare systems. In addition to facing many of the same challenges we face domestically, we also would have to overcome other obstacles such as:
| legal, political or systemic restrictions on the ability of United States companies to market insurance or otherwise do business in foreign countries; |
| varied, unfamiliar and unclear legal and regulatory restrictions; |
| less extensive adoption of the Internet as a commerce medium or information source and increased restriction on the content of websites; and |
| the adaptation of our website and distribution model to fit the particular foreign country. |
As a result of these obstacles, we may find it impossible or prohibitively expensive to expand our services internationally or we may be unsuccessful should we attempt to do so, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
19
Risks Related to Insurance Regulation
Compliance with the strict regulatory environment applicable to the health insurance industry and the specific products we sell is difficult and costly. If we fail to comply with the numerous laws and regulations that are applicable to our business, our business and operating results would be harmed
The health insurance industry is heavily regulated by each state in the United States. For instance, state regulators require us to maintain a valid license in each state in which we transact health insurance business and further require that we adhere to sales, documentation and administration practices specific to that state. In addition, each employee who transacts health insurance business on our behalf must maintain a valid license in one or more states. Because we do business in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, compliance with health insurance-related laws, rules and regulations is difficult and imposes significant costs on our business. Each jurisdictions insurance department typically has the power, among other things, to:
| grant and revoke licenses to transact insurance business; |
| conduct inquiries into the insurance-related activities and conduct of agents and agencies; |
| require and regulate disclosure in connection with the sale and solicitation of health insurance; |
| authorize how, by which personnel and under what circumstances insurance premiums can be quoted and published and an insurance policy sold; |
| approve which entities can be paid commissions from carriers; |
| regulate the content of insurance-related advertisements, including web pages; |
| approve policy forms, require specific benefits and benefit levels and regulate premium rates; |
| impose fines and other penalties; and |
| impose continuing education requirements. |
Due to the complexity, periodic modification and differing interpretations of insurance laws and regulations, we may not have always been, and we may not always be, in compliance with them. Failure to comply could result in significant liability, additional department of insurance licensing requirements or the revocation of licenses in a particular jurisdiction, which could significantly increase our operating expenses, prevent us from transacting health insurance business in a particular jurisdiction and otherwise harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Moreover, an adverse regulatory action in one jurisdiction could result in penalties and adversely affect our license status or reputation in other jurisdictions due to the requirement that adverse regulatory actions in one jurisdiction be reported to other jurisdictions. Even if the allegations in any regulatory or other action against us are proven false, any surrounding negative publicity could harm consumer, marketing partner or health insurance carrier confidence in us, which could significantly damage our brand. Because some consumers, marketing partners and health insurance carriers may not be comfortable with the concept of purchasing health insurance using the Internet, any negative publicity may affect us more than it would others in the health insurance industry and would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
In addition, we have received, and may in the future receive, inquiries from state insurance regulators regarding our marketing and business practices. We typically respond by explaining how we believe we are in compliance with relevant regulations or may modify our practices in connection with the inquiry. Although these inquiries have not resulted in any material harm to our business to date, any modification of our marketing or business practices in response to future regulatory inquiries could harm our business, operating results or financial condition.
Regulation of the sale of health insurance is subject to change, and future regulations could harm our business and operating results
The laws and regulations governing the offer, sale and purchase of health insurance are subject to change, and future changes may be adverse to our business. For example, once health insurance pricing is set by the
20
carrier and approved by state regulators, it is fixed and not generally subject to negotiation or discounting by insurance companies or agents. Additionally, state regulations generally prohibit carriers, agents and brokers from providing financial incentives, such as rebates, to their members in connection with the sale of health insurance. As a result, we do not currently compete with carriers or other agents and brokers on the price of the health insurance products offered on our website. If these regulations change, we could be forced to reduce prices or provide rebates or other incentives for the health insurance products sold through our ecommerce platform, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Another example of a potentially adverse regulatory change relates to the adoption of guaranteed issue laws and regulations in the individual and family health insurance markets. These requirements, which are currently in effect in a limited number of states such as Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York, prohibit health insurance carriers from denying health insurance coverage to individuals based on their health status. It has been our experience that substantially fewer health insurance carriers offer plans in the individual and family health insurance market in states with guaranteed issue requirements compared to other states. Moreover, the health insurance carriers that do offer individual and family plans in these states typically charge substantially increased premiums and/or pay reduced commissions to agents. We believe that limited choice and high premiums result in less demand for individual and family health insurance plans which, when coupled with reduced commissions to agents, results in substantially less revenue for us in these states. Although we currently do not expect a substantial number of states to adopt guaranteed issue requirements for the individual and family market, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed if the adoption of these requirements becomes more widespread.
We are subject to additional insurance regulatory risks, because we use the Internet as our distribution platform. In many cases, it is not clear how existing insurance laws and regulations apply to Internet-related health insurance advertisements and transactions. To the extent that new laws or regulations are adopted that conflict with the way we conduct our business, or to the extent that existing laws and regulations are interpreted adversely to us, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.
Changes and developments in the structure of the health insurance system in the United States could harm our business
Our business depends upon the private sector of the United States health insurance system, its relative role in financing healthcare delivery and health insurance carriers use of agents and brokers to market their products. Fundamental changes to this system or in the manner in which health insurance is distributed in the United States could reduce or eliminate the demand for private health insurance for individuals, families and small businesses or increase our competition, which would harm our business. Recently, there has been substantial national attention and debate regarding the fairest and most effective method of healthcare reimbursement. Some advocates promote a universal healthcare system that would be largely underwritten by the government. The adoption of state or federal laws that promote or establish a government-sponsored universal healthcare system could reduce or eliminate the number of individuals, families and small businesses seeking or permitted to purchase private health insurance or supplemental coverage, which would substantially reduce the demand for our service and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Risks Related to the Internet and Electronic Commerce
Our business is subject to online commerce security risks and if we are unable to safeguard the security and privacy of confidential data, our business will be harmed
Our service involves the collection and storage of confidential information of consumers and the transmission of this information to their chosen health insurance carriers. For example, we collect names, addresses, Social Security and credit card numbers, and information regarding the medical history of consumers in connection with their application for health insurance. We currently rely on encryption technology licensed from third parties to facilitate secure transmittal of confidential information. We incorporate a multi-level firewall infrastructure to help prevent unauthorized access to our systems and data and have implemented
21
intrusion detection systems. While we have not to date experienced any security breaches of which we are aware, we cannot guarantee that we will not be subject to a security breach in the future. We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches. Despite our implementation of security measures, techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently. As a result, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Any compromise or perceived compromise of our security could damage our reputation and our relationship with our members, marketing partners and health insurance carriers, could reduce demand for our service and could subject us to significant liability as well as regulatory action, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Government regulation of the Internet could adversely affect our business
The laws governing general commerce on the Internet remain unsettled and it may take years to fully determine whether and how existing laws such as those governing intellectual property, privacy and taxation apply to the Internet. In addition, the growth and development of the market for electronic commerce may prompt calls for more stringent consumer protection laws that may impose additional burdens on companies conducting business over the Internet. Any new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations relating to the Internet could harm our business and we could be forced to incur substantial costs in order to comply with them, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our business could be harmed if we are unable to correspond with our consumers by email
We use email to market our service to potential members and as the primary means of communicating with our existing members. The laws and regulations governing the use of email for marketing purposes continue to evolve and the growth and development of the market for commerce over the Internet may lead to the adoption of additional legislation. If new laws or regulations are adopted, or existing laws and regulations are interpreted, to impose additional restrictions on our ability to send email to our members or potential members, we may not be able to communicate with them in a cost-effective manner. In addition to legal restrictions on the use of email, Internet service providers and others attempt to block the transmission of unsolicited email, commonly known as spam. If an Internet service provider or software program identifies email from us as spam, we can be placed on a restricted list that will block our email to members or potential members who maintain email accounts with these Internet service providers or who use these software programs. If we are unable to communicate by email with our members and potential members as a result of legislation, blockage or otherwise, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.
Consumers depend upon third-party service providers to access our website, and our business and operating results could be harmed as a result of technical difficulties experienced by these service providers
Consumers using our website depend upon Internet, online and other service providers for access to our website. Many of these service providers have experienced significant outages, delays and other difficulties in the past and could experience them in the future. Any significant interruption in access to our website or increase in our websites response time as a result of these difficulties could damage our relationship with insurance carriers, marketing partners and existing and potential members and could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock
An active, liquid and orderly market for our common stock may not develop
Prior to this offering there has been no market for shares of our common stock. An active trading market for our common stock may never develop or be sustained, which could depress the market price of our common stock and could affect your ability to sell your shares. The initial public offering price will be determined through negotiations between us and the representatives of the underwriters and may bear no relationship to the price at
22
which our common stock will trade following the completion of this offering. The trading price of our common stock following this offering is likely to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. In addition to the factors discussed in this Risk Factors section and elsewhere in this prospectus, these factors include:
| our operating performance and the operating performance of similar companies; |
| the overall performance of the equity markets; |
| announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, business plans or commercial relationships; |
| threatened or actual litigation; |
| changes in laws or regulations relating to the sale of health insurance; |
| any major change in our board of directors or management; |
| publication of research reports about us, our competitors or our industry or positive or negative recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage by securities analysts; |
| large volumes of sales of our shares of common stock by existing stockholders; and |
| general political and economic conditions. |
In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for Internet-related companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These fluctuations may be even more pronounced in the trading market for our stock shortly following this offering. Securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the overall market and in the market price of a companys securities. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in very substantial costs, divert our managements attention and resources and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
Future sales of shares of our common stock by existing stockholders could depress the market price of our common stock
If our existing stockholders sell, or indicate an intent to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market after the 180-day contractual lock-up and other legal restrictions on resale discussed in this prospectus lapse, the trading price of our common stock could decline significantly and could decline below the initial public offering price. Based on shares outstanding as of March 31, 2006, upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding approximately shares of common stock, assuming no exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option. Of these shares, only shares of common stock sold in this offering will be immediately freely tradable, without restriction, in the public market. Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated and Merrill Lynch may, in their sole discretion, permit our officers, directors, employees and current stockholders to sell shares prior to the expiration of the lock-up agreements.
After the lock-up agreements pertaining to this offering expire and based on shares outstanding as of March 31, 2006, an additional 31,698,137 shares will be eligible for sale in the public market, 23,883,298 of which are held by directors, executive officers and other affiliates and will be subject to volume limitations under Rule 144 under the Securities Act and various vesting agreements. In addition, the 10,618,761 shares subject to outstanding options under our 2005 Stock Plan and 1998 Stock Plan as of March 31, 2006 and the 4,000,000 shares reserved for future issuance under our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan will become eligible for sale in the public market in the future, subject to certain legal and contractual limitations. If these additional shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, in the public market, the trading price of our common stock could decline substantially.
23
A limited number of stockholders will have the ability to influence the outcome of director elections and other matters requiring stockholder approval
After this offering, our directors, executive officers and their affiliated entities will beneficially own more than percent of our outstanding common stock. These stockholders, if they act together, could exert substantial influence over matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors, the amendment of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and the approval of mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their stock as part of a sale of our company and might reduce our stock price. These actions may be taken even if they are opposed by other stockholders, including those who purchase shares in this offering.
Certain provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law could discourage takeover attempts and lead to management entrenchment
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control or changes in our management without the consent of our board of directors. These provisions include:
| a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which may delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors; |
| cumulative voting in the election of directors is prohibited, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates; |
| the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors; |
| the ability of our board of directors to determine to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquiror; |
| a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders; |
| the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the chairman of the board of directors, the chief executive officer or the board of directors, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors; and |
| advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirors own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us. |
We are also subject to certain anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law. Under Delaware law, a corporation may, in general, not engage in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock unless the holder has held the stock for three years or, among other things, the board of directors has approved the transaction.
You will experience immediate and substantial dilution
The initial public offering price will be substantially higher than the net tangible book value of each outstanding share of common stock immediately after this offering. If you purchase common stock in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution. At an assumed initial public offering price of
24
$ with net proceeds of $ , investors who purchase shares in this offering will have contributed approximately % of the total amount of funding we have received to date, but will only hold approximately % of the total voting rights. The dilution will be $ per share in the net tangible book value of the common stock from the assumed initial public offering price. In addition, if outstanding options to purchase shares of our common stock are exercised, there could be further dilution. For more information refer to Dilution.
Our management will have broad discretion over the use of the proceeds we receive in this offering and might not apply the proceeds in ways that increase the value of your investment
Our management will have broad discretion to use the net proceeds from this offering, and you will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of these proceeds. Our management might not apply the net proceeds of this offering in ways that increase the value of your investment. We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including the funding of our marketing activities and the costs of operating as a public company, as well as further investment in the development of our proprietary technologies. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds for the acquisition of businesses, products and technologies that we believe are complementary to our own, although we have no agreements or understandings with respect to any acquisition at this time. We have not allocated the net proceeds from this offering for any specific purposes. Until we use the net proceeds from this offering, we plan to invest them, and these investments may not yield a favorable rate of return. If we do not invest or apply the net proceeds from this offering in ways that enhance stockholder value, we may fail to achieve expected financial results, which could cause our stock price to decline.
25
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this prospectus are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as may, will, should, expects, plans, anticipates, believes, estimates, predicts, potential or continue or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only current predictions and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our or our industrys actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, among other things, those listed under Risk Factors and elsewhere in this prospectus.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by law, we are under no duty to update or revise any of the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this prospectus.
This prospectus contains statistical data that we obtained from industry publications and reports generated by third parties. Although we believe that the publications and reports are reliable, we have not independently verified this statistical data.
26
We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of the shares of common stock in this offering will be approximately $ at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. If the underwriters over-allotment option is exercised in full, we estimate that the net proceeds will be $ .
The principal reasons for this offering are to obtain additional capital, to create a public market for our common stock and to facilitate our future access to public equity markets. We currently have no specific plans for the use of the net proceeds of this offering. We anticipate that we will use the net proceeds we receive from this offering, including any net proceeds we receive from the exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option, for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including the funding of our marketing activities and the costs of operating as a public company, as well as further investment in the development of our proprietary technologies. We have not allocated any specific portion of the net proceeds to any particular purpose, and our management will have the discretion to allocate the proceeds as it determines. We may use a portion of the net proceeds for the acquisition of businesses, products and technologies that we believe are complementary to our own, although we have no agreements or understandings with respect to any acquisition at this time.
Pending our use of the net proceeds from this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds of this offering in short-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities.
We have never declared or paid any dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not intend to declare or pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be, subject to applicable law, at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions and capital requirements.
27
The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of March 31, 2006:
| on an actual basis; and |
| on a pro forma basis, giving effect to the conversion of all of our outstanding shares of preferred stock and Class A nonvoting common stock as of March 31, 2006 into an aggregate of 21,975,270 shares of common stock upon the closing of this offering, and to give further effect to our receipt of the net proceeds from our sale of shares of our common stock at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. |
You should read this information together with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
March 31, 2006 | ||||||||
Actual | Pro Forma | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
(in thousands, except share and per share data) |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 9,356 | $ | |||||
Other non-current liabilities |
$ | 209 | $ | 209 | ||||
Convertible preferred stock; $0.001 par value per share; 23,100,000 shares authorized, 20,576,271 shares issued and outstanding, actual; 23,100,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding, pro forma; and 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding, pro forma as adjusted |
86,319 | | ||||||
Stockholders equity (deficit): |
||||||||
Common stock; $0.001 par value per share; 45,000,000 shares authorized, 9,722,867 shares issued and outstanding, actual; 45,000,000 shares authorized, 31,698,137 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma; 100,000,000 shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted |
10 | |||||||
Class A nonvoting common stock; $0.001 par value per share; 1,600,000 shares authorized, 509,896 shares issued and outstanding, actual; no shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted |
1 | | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
2,226 | |||||||
Deferred stock-based compensation |
(52 | ) | (52 | ) | ||||
Accumulated deficit |
(79,030 | ) | (79,030 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
29 | 29 | ||||||
Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
(76,816 | ) | ||||||
Total capitalization |
$ | 9,712 | $ | |||||
The number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding actual, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted in the table above is based on 31,698,137 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2006, and excludes:
| 10,618,761 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2006 with a weighted average exercise price of $1.53 per share; |
| 4,000,000 shares of common stock to be initially reserved for issuance under our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan; and |
| an additional 633,372 shares of common stock reserved as of March 31, 2006 for issuance under our other equity compensation plans, which will not be available for issuance after this offering. |
28
If you invest in our common stock in this offering, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share of our common stock and the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock.
The net tangible book value of our common stock as of March 31, 2006 was a deficit of $76.8 million, or $(7.90) per share. Net tangible book value per share represents the amount of stockholders deficit divided by 9,722,867 shares of common stock outstanding at that date. The pro forma net tangible book value of our common stock as of March 31, 2006 was $9.5 million, or approximately $0.30 per share. Pro forma net tangible book value gives effect to the conversion of all shares of outstanding preferred stock and Class A nonvoting common stock into 21,975,270 shares of common stock upon the closing of this offering.
Net tangible book value dilution per share to new investors represents the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of common stock in this offering and the pro forma net tangible book value per share of common stock immediately after completion of this offering. After giving effect to our sale of shares of common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, our pro forma net tangible book value as of March 31, 2006 would have been $ per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $ per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $ per share to purchasers of common stock in this offering, as illustrated in the following table:
Assumed initial public offering price per share |
|||||
Net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2006 |
$ | ||||
Increase per share attributable to new investors |
|||||
Pro forma net tangible book value per share at March 31, 2006 after giving effect to the offering |
|||||
Dilution per share to new investors |
$ |
Assuming the exercise in full of the underwriters over-allotment option, our pro forma net tangible book value at March 31, 2006 would have been approximately $ per share, representing an immediate increase in the pro forma net tangible book value of $ per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate decrease in net tangible book value of $ per share to new investors.
The following table summarizes, on a pro forma basis, as of March 31, 2006, the difference between the number of shares of common stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us and the average price per share paid by existing stockholders and by new investors at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, before deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses.
Shares Purchased | Total Consideration | Average Per Share | ||||||||||||
Number | Percent | Amount | Percent | |||||||||||
Existing stockholders |
31,698,137 | % | $ | 87,662,696 | % | $ | 2.77 | |||||||
New investors |
||||||||||||||
Total |
100.0 | % | $ | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
The discussion and the tables above assume no exercise of stock options outstanding on March 31, 2006 and no issuance of shares reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans. In addition, the numbers
29
set forth in the table above assume the conversion as of March 31, 2006 of all outstanding shares of our preferred stock and Class A nonvoting common stock into shares of our common stock. As of March 31, 2006, there were:
| 10,618,761 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $1.53 per share; |
| 4,000,000 shares of common stock to be initially reserved for issuance under our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan; and |
| an additional 633,372 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our other equity compensation plans, which will not be available for issuance after this offering. |
If the underwriters over-allotment option is exercised in full, the following will occur:
| the percentage of shares of common stock held by existing stockholders will decrease to approximately % of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering; and |
| the number of shares held by new investors will be increased to or approximately % of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering. |
30
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2004 and 2005 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus. The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002, and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus. The consolidated statements of operations data for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2006 are derived from our unaudited interim financial statements included in this prospectus. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in future periods.
The following data should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and the section entitled Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this prospectus.
Year Ended December 31, | Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share information) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commission |
$ | 9,166 | $ | 16,500 | $ | 21,868 | $ | 29,783 | $ | 41,237 | $ | 8,924 | $ | 12,719 | |||||||||||||
License and other |
121 | 80 | 368 | 432 | 515 | 76 | 316 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
9,287 | 16,580 | 22,236 | 30,215 | 41,752 | 9,000 | 13,035 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue |
103 | 542 | 600 | 447 | 614 | 120 | 204 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Marketing and advertising (1) |
10,384 | 7,472 | 7,002 | 12,732 | 17,786 | 3,774 | 4,860 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Customer care and enrollment (1) |
6,905 | 5,906 | 6,185 | 7,577 | 8,822 | 1,996 | 2,596 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Technology and content (1) |
7,293 | 6,668 | 6,595 | 7,461 | 8,054 | 1,870 | 2,256 | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative (1) |
5,791 | 5,644 | 5,123 | 5,385 | 7,108 | 1,562 | 2,085 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses |
30,476 | 26,232 | 25,505 | 33,602 | 42,384 | 9,322 | 12,001 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
(21,189 | ) | (9,652 | ) | (3,269 | ) | (3,387 | ) | (632 | ) | (322 | ) | 1,034 | ||||||||||||||
Other income, net |
1,422 | 6 | 74 | 60 | 239 | 40 | 91 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |
(19,767 | ) | (9,646 | ) | (3,195 | ) | (3,327 | ) | (393 | ) | (282 | ) | 1,125 | ||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
| | | | 21 | | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (19,767 | ) | $ | (9,646 | ) | $ | (3,195 | ) | $ | (3,327 | ) | $ | (414 | ) | $ | (282 | ) | $ | 1,102 | |||||||
Net income (loss) per common share: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic common stock |
$ | (2.34 | ) | $ | (1.09 | ) | $ | (0.37 | ) | $ | (0.37 | ) | $ | (0.04 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | 0.11 | |||||||
Basic Class A nonvoting common stock |
| | | | $ | (0.04 | ) | | $ | 0.11 | |||||||||||||||||
Diluted common stock |
$ | (2.34 | ) | $ | (1.09 | ) | $ | (0.37 | ) | $ | (0.37 | ) | $ | (0.04 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | 0.03 | |||||||
Diluted Class A nonvoting common stock |
| | | | $ | (0.04 | ) | | $ | 0.03 | |||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss): |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allocated to common stock |
$ | (19,767 | ) | $ | (9,646 | ) | $ | (3,195 | ) | $ | (3,327 | ) | $ | (414 | ) | $ | (282 | ) | $ | 1,092 | |||||||
Allocated to Class A nonvoting common stock |
| | | | | | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (19,767 | ) | $ | (9,646 | ) | $ | (3,195 | ) | $ | (3,327 | ) | $ | (414 | ) | $ | (282 | ) | $ | 1,102 | |||||||
31
Year Ended December 31, | Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||
(unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share information) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average number of shares used in per share amounts: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Basic common stock |
8,458 | 8,857 | 8,662 | 8,946 | 9,322 | 9,158 | 9,639 | ||||||||||||||
Basic Class A nonvoting common stock |
| | | | 7 | | 88 | ||||||||||||||
Diluted common stock |
8,458 | 8,857 | 8,662 | 8,946 | 9,322 | 9,158 | 37,854 | ||||||||||||||
Diluted Class A nonvoting common stock |
| | | | 7 | | 88 | ||||||||||||||
__________ |
|||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes stock-based compensation as follows: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Marketing and advertising |
$ | | $ | | $ | 49 | $ | 59 | $ | 97 | $ | 5 | $ | | |||||||
Customer care and enrollment |
| | 25 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
Technology and content |
| | 9 | 14 | 62 | 12 | 30 | ||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
269 | 68 | 9 | 19 | 26 | 5 | 7 | ||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 269 | $ | 68 | $ | 92 | $ | 99 | $ | 191 | $ | 24 | $ | 41 | |||||||
As of December 31, | As of March 31, 2006 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | (unaudited) (in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |
$ | 23,933 | $ | 14,343 | $ | 10,646 | $ | 8,707 | $ | 9,415 | $ | 9,356 | ||||||||||||
Working capital |
19,946 | 10,588 | 8,149 | 4,797 | 3,636 | 4,717 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
28,523 | 18,152 | 14,620 | 12,898 | 15,165 | 15,666 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other non-current liabilities |
270 | 63 | 17 | 59 | 212 | 209 | ||||||||||||||||||
Convertible preferred stock |
86,305 | 86,351 | 86,422 | 86,370 | 86,319 | 86,319 | ||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(63,550 | ) | (73,196 | ) | (76,391 | ) | (79,718 | ) | (80,132 | ) | (79,030 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total stockholders deficit |
(62,859 | ) | (72,383 | ) | (75,453 | ) | (78,396 | ) | (78,181 | ) | (76,816 | ) |
32
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those set forth in the section entitled Risk Factors and elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
We are the leading online source of health insurance for individuals, families and small businesses. Our ecommerce platform enables individuals, families and small businesses to research, analyze, compare and purchase health insurance products that best meet their needs. Our technology also enables us to communicate electronically with our insurance carrier partners and process consumers health insurance applications online. As a result, we simplify and streamline the complex and traditionally paper-intensive health insurance sales and purchasing process.
Since our incorporation in November 1997 we have spent more than $47 million on technology and content related to our ecommerce platform. We have also invested significant time and resources in obtaining licenses to sell health insurance in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, developing diverse and successful member acquisition programs and establishing relationships with over 140 health insurance carriers, enabling us to offer more than 5,000 health insurance products online. Our first online transaction relating to the sale of a health insurance policy was completed during the fourth quarter of 1998.
Our financial model is characterized by recurring revenue, an average member life that exceeds two years and health insurance pricing that is set by each health insurance carrier and approved by state regulators. We generate revenue primarily from commissions we receive from health insurance carriers whose policies are purchased through us by individuals, families and small businesses. We typically receive commission payments on a monthly basis for as long as a policy remains active. As a result, much of our revenue for a given financial reporting period relates to policies that we sold prior to the beginning of the period and is recurring in nature. Because health insurance pricing is set by the carrier and approved by state regulators, health insurance pricing is fixed. We, therefore, are not generally subject to negotiation or discounting of prices by health insurance carriers or our competitors.
Sources of Revenue
Revenue
We generate substantially all of our revenue from commissions paid to us by health insurance carriers whose health insurance policies we have sold. Commission revenue represented 98.3%, 98.6%, 98.8% and 97.6% of our total revenue in 2003, 2004, 2005 and the three months ended March 31, 2006. The remainder of our revenue is primarily attributable to licensing arrangements related to our technology and carrier sponsorship advertising on our website. Our commission revenue grew from $21.9 million in 2003 to $29.8 million in 2004 and $41.2 million in 2005, principally as a result of our penetration of the individual, family and small business health insurance markets and corresponding growth in our membership. We estimate that as of March 31, 2006 we had more than 300,000 members. We define a member as an individual currently covered by an insurance product for which we are entitled to receive compensation.
We believe that there is significant opportunity to expand our share of the individual, family and small business health insurance markets and thereby increase our revenue. For example, our share of the individual and family health insurance market as of December 31, 2005 represented less than 2% of the total market of
33
17 million individuals in the United States who directly purchased their health insurance coverage. Historically, our revenue and business have been more significantly affected by the rate of growth in the number of consumers using the Internet to research and purchase health insurance than by the rate at which the health insurance industry has grown. We expect that the rate of online adoption will continue to be a primary driver of our revenue.
Our commission revenue generally represents a percentage of the insurance premium a member has paid to his or her insurance carrier and, to a lesser extent, commission override payments that insurance carriers pay us for achieving sales volume thresholds or other objectives. Commission rates vary by carrier and by the type of plan purchased by a member. Commission rates also can vary based upon the amount of time that the policy has been active, with commission rates for individual and family policies typically being higher in the first twelve months of the policy. Individuals, families and small businesses purchasing health insurance through us typically pay their premiums on a monthly basis. Insurance carriers typically pay us our commissions monthly, after they receive the premium payment from the member. We continue to receive the commission payment from the relevant insurance carrier until the health insurance policy is cancelled or we otherwise do not remain the agent on the policy. As a result, the majority of our revenue is recurring in nature and grows in correlation with the growth we experience in our membership base. At the beginning of an accounting period, we have visibility with respect to the majority of our revenue for that accounting period since revenue for that accounting period is primarily attributable to policies previously purchased by our members.
The commission that we receive per member for a given period depends upon both the premium amount and the commission rate applicable to the members policy. In the past two years, our commission earned per member per month has increased on average more than 6% per year. This is the result of both inflation in premiums and the mix of health insurance products our members chose to purchase.
We recognize commission revenue when the commission is reported to us by a carrier, which occurs through our receipt of a cash payment and a commission statement. We report commission revenue net of an allowance for future forfeiture amounts payable to our carriers due to policy cancellations. Commission override payments, which are recognized on the same basis as premium commissions, are generally reported to us in a more irregular pattern than premium commissions. As a result, our revenue for a particular quarter could be higher or lower than expectations due to the timing of the reporting of commission override payments.
Revenue attributable to individual and family product offerings represented more than 80% of our total revenue in 2005. We define individual and family product offerings as major medical individual and family health insurance plans, which does not include small business, short-term major medical, stand-alone dental, life and student health insurance product offerings.
Member Acquisition
An important factor in our revenue growth is the growth of our member base. Our marketing initiatives are an important component of our strategy to grow our member base and are focused on three primary member acquisition channels: direct, marketing partners and online advertising. Our marketing initiatives are designed to attract consumers to complete an online application for health insurance on our ecommerce platform.
Direct. Our direct member acquisition channel consists of consumers who access our website addresses (www.ehealth.com and www.ehealthinsurance.com) either directly or through unpaid (natural) search listings on major Internet search engines and directories. For the year ended December 31, 2005, applications submitted through us for individual and family health insurance products from our direct channel constituted approximately 40% of all individual and family health insurance applications submitted on our website. Submitted applications from this channel increased by 19% in 2005 over 2004. We expect our direct channel will continue to be our most cost-effective channel.
34
Marketing Partners. Our marketing partner member acquisition channel consists of consumers who access our website through a network of financial services and other companies. Growth in our marketing partner channel depends upon our expanding joint marketing programs with existing partners and adding new partners to our network. For the year ended December 31, 2005, applications submitted through us for individual and family health insurance products for which we paid fees to our marketing partners constituted approximately 34% of all individual and family health insurance applications submitted on our website. Submitted applications for individual and family health insurance products in our marketing partner channel increased by 73% in 2005 over 2004. Our marketing partner channel is the primary driver of our small business member acquisition.
Online Advertising. Our online advertising channel consists of consumers who access our website through paid keyword search advertising from leading search engines such as Google, MSN and Yahoo!, as well as various Internet marketing programs such as banner advertising, email marketing and an integrated partnership with MSN. For the year ended December 31, 2005, applications submitted through us for individual and family health insurance products from our online advertising channel constituted approximately 26% of all individual and family health insurance applications submitted on our website. Submitted applications from this channel increased by 18% in 2005 over 2004.
Operating Costs and Expenses
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue consists primarily of payments related to health insurance policies sold to members who were referred to our website by marketing partners with whom we have revenue-sharing arrangements. In order to enter into a revenue-sharing arrangement, these marketing partners must be licensed to sell health insurance in the state where the policy is sold. Costs related to revenue-sharing arrangements are expensed as the related revenue is recognized.
Marketing and Advertising
Marketing and advertising expenses consist primarily of member acquisition expenses associated with our direct, marketing partner and online advertising channels, in addition to compensation and other expenses related to marketing, business development, public relations and carrier relations personnel who support our offerings. Our direct channel expenses primarily consist of direct mail, television and radio advertising and associated costs.
We generally compensate our marketing partners by paying a one-time fee each time a consumer referral from a partner results in a submitted health insurance application on our ecommerce platform, regardless of whether the consumers application is approved by the health insurance carrier. We recognize these expenditures in the period when a marketing partners referral results in the submission of a health insurance application on our website. The number of health insurance applications submitted through our ecommerce platform has generally increased in our first quarter compared to our fourth quarter and in our third quarter compared to our second quarter. Conversely, we have generally experienced a decline in submitted applications in our second quarter compared to our first quarter and in our fourth quarter compared to our third quarter. Since a significant portion of our marketing and advertising expenses are driven by the number of health insurance applications submitted on our ecommerce platform, those expenses generally have increased or decreased in conjunction with these seasonal patterns. In addition, because the total volume of submitted applications that we receive from our marketing partners is largely outside of our control, particularly during any short-term period, we could incur expenses in excess of the amounts we had planned in periods of rapid growth in the volume of submitted applications from marketing partner referrals. Accordingly, an unanticipated increase in submitted applications resulting from marketing partner referrals could cause our net income to be lower than our expectation since the revenue to be derived from such applications will not be recognized until future periods.
35
Paid keyword search advertising on search engines represents the majority of expenses in our online advertising channel. We incur expenses associated with search engine advertising in the period in which the consumer clicks on the advertisement. We actively manage our paid keyword search advertising expense, taking into account the productivity and relative cost of paid keyword search compared to other marketing channels to control the amount of expense incurred during a given period.
We believe the cost of acquiring new members will continue to fluctuate based upon the mix of health insurance applications submitted through our three marketing channels, the mix of marketing partners referring consumers to our website, the overall trend in costs of online marketing including banner ads and keywords purchased by us, as well as the amounts we pay new marketing partners to refer consumers to our website. We expect marketing and advertising expenses to continue to increase in 2006.
Customer Care and Enrollment
Customer care and enrollment expenses consist of compensation and related expenses for personnel engaged in pre-sales assistance to applicants who call our customer care center and enrollment personnel who assist applicants during the underwriting process. We expect customer care and enrollment expenses to grow in future periods.
Technology and Content
Technology and content expenses consist primarily of compensation and related expenses for personnel associated with developing and enhancing our website technology as well as maintaining our website. A portion of our technology and content group is located at our wholly-owned subsidiary in China, where technology development costs are generally lower. Our technology and content expenses incurred in China totaled $0.7 million in 2005. We expect our technology and content expenses to increase at a faster rate in 2006 than in the prior two years due to our increased focus on technology development, including the enhancement of our ecommerce platform.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and related expenses for staff working in our finance, legal, human resources, facilities and internal information technology departments. These expenses also include fees paid for outside professional services, mainly for audit, tax, legal and information technology consulting. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase significantly during 2006 due to the increased costs associated with operating as a public company and the costs necessary to support the expected growth in our business.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the useful lives of long-lived assets including property and equipment, fair value of investments, fair value of intangible assets, allowances for commission forfeitures payable to carriers, fair value of our common stock for the purpose of determining stock-based compensation and income taxes, among others. We based our estimates of the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. In many cases, we could reasonably have used different accounting policies and estimates. In some cases, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results may differ materially from these estimates.
36
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize commission revenue when our commission is reported to us by a health insurance carrier, net of an allowance for future forfeiture amounts payable to carriers due to policy cancellations. Commissions are reported to us by a cash payment and commission statement. We use the data in the commission statements to identify the members for which we are receiving a commission payment and the amount received for each member, and to estimate our allowance for forfeitures. We are not obligated with respect to the insurance coverage sold through our ecommerce platform. As a result, we recognize the net amount of compensation earned as the agent in the transaction.
We rely on health insurance carriers to report accurately and in a timely manner the amount of commissions earned by us, and we calculate our commission revenues, prepare our financial reports, projections and budgets, and direct our marketing and other operating efforts based on the reports we receive from them. Each month we analyze the reports we receive from our carriers by comparing such data to the database we maintain on our members. We have not historically experienced material inaccuracies in amounts reported to us by our carriers. It is often difficult for us to independently determine whether or not carriers are reporting all commissions due to us, primarily because the majority of our members who terminate their policies do so by discontinuing their premium payments to the carrier instead of by informing us of the cancellation. This results in our having to identify underpayment or non-payment of commissions on a policy and following up with a carrier to obtain an explanation and/or request correction of the amount of commissions paid to us. To date, we have not had disputes of any significance with our carriers related to reported commissions. To the extent that carriers understate or fail to report the amount of commissions due to us, we will not collect and recognize revenue to which we are entitled which, if material in amount, would adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
Commission override revenue, which we recognize on the same basis as premium commissions, is generally reported to us in a more irregular pattern than premium commissions. As a result, our revenues for a particular quarter could be higher or lower than expectations due to the timing of the reporting of commission override revenue to us.
Certain commission amounts are subject to forfeiture in circumstances where a member has prepaid his or her premium for a future period of coverage and subsequently cancels his or her policy before the completion of that period. We estimate and record an allowance for these forfeitures based on historical cancellation experience using data provided on commission statements. The forfeitures are typically reported to us by health insurance carriers one to two months after the commission is reported and paid to us by the carrier. Our estimate of the allowance for forfeitures includes an estimate of both the reporting time lag and the forfeiture amount. Changes in our historical trends would result in changes to our estimated forfeitures in future periods. There were no significant changes in our forfeiture rates or reporting time lag during the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 or the three months ended March 31, 2006. The allowance for forfeitures totaled $0.2 million at each of December 31, 2004 and 2005 and $0.3 million at March 31, 2006.
We defer revenue amounts that have been reported to us related to transactions where our services are complete, but where we cannot currently estimate the allowance for future forfeitures related to those amounts. A significant majority of our deferred revenue at March 31, 2006, totaling $0.7 million, related to a single health insurance carrier that, effective January 2005, changed its basis for calculating and reporting commission amounts from a percentage of the premium it collected to a percentage of the premium it billed. Since this was the first carrier to calculate and report commission amounts on this basis, we did not have sufficient historical forfeiture experience to estimate and record an appropriate allowance for forfeitures as commission amounts were reported to us by the carrier. Accordingly, all commission amounts reported to us by the carrier since the beginning of 2005 were deferred. We expect to have sufficient experience to estimate an allowance for forfeitures for this carrier in 2006, at which time all amounts previously deferred will be recorded as revenue, net of an allowance for forfeitures.
37
Internal-use Software and Website Development Costs
We account for internal-use software and website development costs in accordance with the guidance set forth in Statement of Position No. 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use, and EITF Issue No. 002, Accounting for Web Site Development Costs. We capitalize costs of materials, consultants and compensation and related expenses of employees who devote time to the development of internal-use software; however, we expense as incurred all website development costs for new features and functionalities since it is not probable that they will result in additional functionality until they are both developed and tested with confirmation that they are more effective than the current set of features and functionalities on our website. Our judgment is required in determining the point at which various projects enter the states at which costs may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs and in determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized, which is generally three years. To the extent that we change the manner in which we develop and test new features and functionalities related to our website, assess the ongoing value of capitalized assets or determine the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized, the amount of website development costs we capitalize and amortize in future periods would be impacted. The net book value of capitalized internal-use software totaled approximately $0.2 million as of December 31, 2004 and $0.1 million as of December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2006.
Stock-Based Compensation
Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for stock option grants in accordance with Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25), and complied with the disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123, Accounting for Stock Based Compensation (SFAS 123), as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock Based CompensationTransition and Disclosure (SFAS 148). Under APB 25, deferred stock-based compensation expense is recorded for the intrinsic value of options (the difference between the deemed fair value of our common stock and the option exercise price) at the grant date and is amortized ratably over the options vesting period.
On January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123R), which requires us to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant, and to recognize the cost over the period during which the employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. We adopted SFAS 123R using the prospective method, which requires us to apply its provisions only to stock-based awards to employees granted on or after January 1, 2006, and to awards modified, repurchased or cancelled, on or after January 1, 2006. In anticipation of the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, we did not modify the terms of any previously granted stock options or restricted stock awards.
During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we recorded stock-based compensation expense totaling $6,000 related to stock options and restricted stock awards granted to employees and accounted for in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. At March 31, 2006, total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to stock options and restricted stock awards granted to employees under our stock plans and accounted for in accordance with SFAS 123R was approximately $111,000, net of estimated forfeitures of approximately $11,000. This cost will be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.8 years and will be adjusted for subsequent changes in estimated forfeitures.
The intrinsic value of outstanding vested and unvested stock options based upon the estimated initial public offering price was $ at March 31, 2006. The intrinsic value of stock options outstanding at March 31, 2006 was $ .
Stock-based compensation expense recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2006 consisted of stock-based compensation related to stock option and restricted stock awards granted prior to January 1, 2006, which was calculated in accordance with APB 25, and stock-based compensation for all stock-based awards granted on or after January 1, 2006, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with SFAS 123R.
38
The adoption of SFAS 123R will result in higher amounts of stock-based compensation expense in the future for awards granted after January 1, 2006 than would have been recorded if we had continued to apply the provisions of APB 25. The grant date fair value was determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model and a single option award approach. The weighted-average expected term for stock options granted was calculated using the simplified method in accordance with the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment (SAB 107). The simplified method defines the expected term as the average of the contractual term and the vesting period of the stock option. We have estimated the volatility and forfeiture rates used as inputs to the model based on an analysis of the most similar public companies for which we have data. We have used judgment in selecting these companies, as well as evaluating the available historical and implied volatility and forfeiture data for these companies. We will continue to use judgment in evaluating the expected term, volatility and forfeiture rate related to our own stock-based awards on a prospective basis, and incorporating these factors into the model.
The accounting for and disclosure of employee and non-employee equity instruments, primarily stock options, restricted common stock and Class A nonvoting common stock, and preferred and common stock warrants, requires judgment by management on a number of assumptions, including the fair value of the underlying instrument, the expected term of the outstanding instrument and the instruments volatility. Changes in key assumptions will significantly impact the valuation of such instruments. Because there is no public market for our stock, for periods prior to the second quarter of 2005, our board of directors determined the fair value of our common stock based upon internal valuation analyses prepared by management, which considered sales of our common stock to unrelated independent third parties. Beginning in the second quarter of 2005, our board of directors determined the fair value of our common stock based upon contemporaneous valuations by an unrelated valuation specialist, Financial Strategies Consulting Group, LLC. The contemporaneous valuations used the probability-weighted expected return method.
Determining the fair value of our common stock requires us to make complex and subjective judgments involving estimates of revenues, earnings, assumed market growth rates and estimated costs as well as appropriate probabilities of future events and discount rates. These estimates are consistent with the plans and estimates that we use to manage our business. There is inherent uncertainty in making these estimates.
Accounting for Income Taxes
We account for income taxes using the liability method as required by SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (SFAS 109). Under SFAS 109, deferred income taxes are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.
The tax consequences of most events recognized in the current years financial statements are included in determining income taxes currently payable. However, because tax laws and financial accounting standards differ in their recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, expenses, gains and losses, differences arise between the amount of taxable income and pretax financial income for a year and between the tax bases of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in our financial statements. Because we assume that the reported amounts of assets and liabilities will be recovered and settled, respectively, a difference between the tax basis of an asset or a liability and its reported amount in the balance sheet will result in a taxable or a deductible amount in some future years when the related liabilities are settled or the reported amounts of the assets are recovered, which gives rise to a deferred tax asset or liability. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance.
Management judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. Currently, we have a full valuation allowance for our net deferred tax assets as we have determined that it is more likely than not that we would not realize those assets due to our history of losses. To the extent we
39
conclude that future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies warrant the release of all or a portion of the valuation allowance, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would result in significant income tax benefit in such period.
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes. This process involves estimating our actual current tax expense together with assessing temporary differences that may result in deferred tax assets. We currently expect our effective tax rate for 2006 to be substantially lower than the statutory federal rate primarily due to our utilization of net operating loss credit carryforwards, which totaled $73.6 million for federal income tax purposes and $43.2 million for state income tax purposes at December 31, 2005. However, the net operating loss credit carryforwards do not reduce to zero our expected tax rate for 2006 due to alternative minimum taxes that we estimate we will owe for both federal and state income tax purposes. Future changes in various factors such as federal and state income tax rates, potential limitations on the use of our federal and state net operating loss credit carryforwards and changes in our valuation allowance would impact our estimates, and as a result, could affect our effective tax rate and the amount of income tax expense we record in future periods.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our historical operating results as a percentage of revenue for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, | Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | |||||||||||
(unaudited) | |||||||||||||||
Revenue: |
|||||||||||||||
Commission |
98.3 | % | 98.6 | % | 98.8 | % | 99.2 | % | 97.6 | % | |||||
Licensing and other |
1.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 2.4 | ||||||||||
Total revenue |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: |
|||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue |
2.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.6 | ||||||||||
Marketing and advertising |
31.5 | 42.1 | 42.6 | 41.9 | 37.3 | ||||||||||
Customer care and enrollment |
27.8 | 25.1 | 21.1 | 22.2 | 19.9 | ||||||||||
Technology and content |
29.7 | 24.7 | 19.3 | 20.8 | 17.3 | ||||||||||
General and administrative |
23.0 | 17.8 | 17.0 | 17.4 | 16.0 | ||||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses |
114.7 | 111.2 | 101.5 | 103.6 | 92.1 | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
(14.7 | ) | (11.2 | ) | (1.5 | ) | (3.6 | ) | 7.9 | ||||||
Other income, net |
0.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | ||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |
(14.4 | ) | (11.0 | ) | (0.9 | ) | (3.1 | ) | 8.6 | ||||||
Provision for income taxes |
| | 0.1 | | 0.1 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
(14.4 | )% | (11.0 | )% | (1.0 | )% | (3.1 | )% | 8.5 | % | |||||
40
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 and 2006
Revenue
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2005 | 2006 | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) |
||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||
Commission |
$ | 8,924 | $ | 12,719 | ||||
Percentage of total revenue |
99 | % | 98 | % | ||||
Licensing and other |
76 | 316 | ||||||
Percentage of total revenue |
1 | % | 2 | % | ||||
Total revenue |
$ | 9,000 | $ | 13,035 | ||||
Revenue increased by $4.0 million, or 45%, for the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2005, primarily due to an increase in our membership and, to a lesser extent, an increase in the commission earned per member. Our estimated membership increased from 228,000 at March 31, 2005 to 305,000 at March 31, 2006. We also experienced a $0.2 million increase during the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2005, in commission override revenue received as a result of the achievement of annual objectives. License and other revenue increased by $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2005 primarily due to additional carrier sponsorships on our websites. We expect license and other revenue to increase as a percent of total revenue in the future.
Cost of Revenue
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2005 | 2006 | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) |
||||||||
Cost of revenue |
$ | 120 | $ | 204 | ||||
Percentage of total revenue |
1 | % | 2 | % |
Cost of revenue increased $0.1 million, or 70%, for the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2005, due to an increase in both the number and the proportion of health insurance policies sold to members who were referred to our website by marketing partners with whom we have revenue-sharing arrangements. As a result, cost of revenue increased from 1% of total revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2005 to 2% during the three months ended March 31, 2006.
Marketing and Advertising
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2005 | 2006 | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) |
||||||||
Marketing and advertising |
$ | 3,774 | $ | 4,860 | ||||
Percentage of total revenue |
42 | % | 37 | % |
41
Marketing and advertising expenses increased by $1.1 million, or 29%, for the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2005. This was primarily due to a $1.5 million increase in marketing partner channel expenses, offset by a $0.3 million decrease in expenses from our online advertising channel. As a percentage of total revenue, total marketing and advertising expenses decreased from 42% for the three months ended March 31, 2005 to 37% for the three months ended March 31, 2006. Our cost of acquiring a new member, which we define as total marketing and advertising expenses for a period divided by the number of members included on applications for individual and family product offerings submitted during the period, decreased 10% from $46.64 for the three months ended March 31, 2005 to $42.17 for the three months ended March 31, 2006. This decrease primarily resulted from a decrease in the percentage of health insurance applications submitted from our online advertising channel from 28% of our applications in the three months ended March 31, 2005 to 21% in the three months ended March 31, 2006 and an increase in the percentage of applications submitted from our marketing partner channel from 30% of our applications in the three months ended March 31, 2005 to 39% in the three months ended March 31, 2006.
Customer Care and Enrollment
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2005 | 2006 | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) |
||||||||
Customer care and enrollment |
$ | 1,996 | $ | 2,596 | ||||
Percentage of total revenue |
22 | % | 20 | % |
Customer care and enrollment expenses increased by $0.6 million, or 30%, for the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2005, due to higher compensation and related expenses associated with the increased number of personnel necessary to service the increased volume of health insurance applications submitted through our website. Customer care and enrollment expenses decreased from 22% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2005 to 20% for the three months ended March 31, 2006 as a result of economies of scale achieved by our customer care and enrollment operations.
Technology and Content
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2005 | 2006 | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) |
||||||||
Technology and content |
$ | 1,870 | $ | 2,256 | ||||
Percentage of total revenue |
21 | % | 17 | % |
Technology and content expenses increased by $0.4 million, or 21%, for the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2005. This increase was primarily due to higher compensation and related expenses associated with the increased number of personnel necessary to develop and maintain our technology and website content. Technology and content costs decreased from 21% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2005 to 17% for the three months ended March 31, 2006 as a result of economies of scale achieved by our technology and content operations.
General and Administrative
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2005 | 2006 | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) |
||||||||
General and administrative |
$ | 1,562 | $ | 2,085 | ||||
Percentage of total revenue |
17 | % | 16 | % |
42
General and administrative expenses increased by $0.5 million, or 33%, for the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2005. The largest portion of this increase, $0.4 million, was driven by increased compensation and related expenses associated with increased headcount in our finance and legal departments. General and administrative expenses decreased from 17% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2005 to 16% for the three months ended March 31, 2006 as a result of our revenue growing at a higher rate than general and administrative expenses.
Other Income, Net
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2005 | 2006 | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) |
||||||||
Other income, net |
$ | 40 | $ | 91 | ||||
Percentage of total revenue |
| % | 1 | % |
Other income, net primarily consists of interest income earned on cash and cash equivalent balances, offset by administrative bank fees and interest expense on our capital lease obligations. Other income, net increased by $0.1 million, or 128%, for the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2005. This increase was primarily due to an increase in earnings on our invested assets caused by a rise in the average 30-day yield paid on our cash balances.
Provision for Income Taxes
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2005 | 2006 | |||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) |
||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
$ | | $ | 23 | ||||
Effective tax rate |
| % | 2 | % |
We recorded a provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2006 attributable to federal and state alternative minimum taxes currently payable due to limits on the amount of net operating losses that may be applied against income earned during the period under current tax regulations. For the three months ended March 31, 2005, no provision for income taxes was recorded due to our net loss position. At March 31, 2006, we maintained a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets based on the determination that it was more likely than not that the deferred tax assets would not be realized.
Our future effective income tax rate will depend on various factors, such as changes in our valuation allowance, pending or future tax law changes including rate changes and the tax benefit from research and development credits, potential limitations on the use of federal and state net operating loss carryforwards and state and foreign taxes.
Years Ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005
Revenue
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
Commission |
$ | 21,868 | $ | 29,783 | $ | 41,237 | ||||||
Percentage of total revenue |
98 | % | 99 | % | 99 | % | ||||||
Licensing and other |
368 | 432 | 515 | |||||||||
Percentage of total revenue |
2 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | ||||||
Total revenue |
$ | 22,236 | $ | 30,215 | $ | 41,752 | ||||||
43
Revenue increased by $11.5 million, or 38%, from 2004 to 2005 due to an increase in commission revenue resulting primarily from an increase in our membership and, to a lesser extent, an increase in the commission earned per member. Our estimated membership increased from 212,000 at December 31, 2004 to 278,000 at December 31, 2005.
Revenue increased by $8.0 million, or 36%, from 2003 to 2004 due to an increase in commission revenue resulting primarily from an increase in our membership and, to a lesser extent, an increase in the commission earned per member. Our estimated membership increased from 162,000 at December 31, 2003 to 212,000 at December 31, 2004.
The following table shows the estimated number of our members as of the end of each period indicated:
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||
March 31 |
139,000 | 173,000 | 228,000 | |||
June 30 |
147,000 | 185,000 | 241,000 | |||
September 30 |
156,000 | 201,000 | 258,000 | |||
December 31 |
162,000 | 212,000 | 278,000 |
Operating Costs and Expenses
Cost of Revenue
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
Cost of revenue |
$ | 600 | $ | 447 | $ | 614 | ||||||
Percentage of total revenue |
3 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % |
Cost of revenue increased $0.2 million, or 37%, from 2004 to 2005 commensurate with the increase in revenue of 38%. As a percentage of total revenue, these costs remained relatively stable at 1% for both 2005 and 2004.
Cost of revenue declined $0.2 million, or 26%, from 2003 to 2004 primarily due to a decline in revenue-sharing expense resulting from the conversion of our largest revenue-sharing partner at that time to a compensation structure based on a one-time fee when its consumer referrals resulted in a submitted health insurance application on our website, regardless of whether those applications were ultimately approved. The conversion took place during the third quarter of 2003. As a percentage of total revenue, cost of revenue declined from 3% in 2003 to 1% in 2004.
Marketing and Advertising
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
Marketing and advertising |
$ | 7,002 | $ | 12,732 | $ | 17,786 | ||||||
Percentage of total revenue |
31 | % | 42 | % | 43 | % |
Marketing and advertising expenses increased by $5.1 million, or 40%, from 2004 to 2005. This was primarily due to a $4.7 million increase in advertising expense driven by significant growth in marketing partner channel expenses and, to a lesser extent, growth in expenses related to our online advertising channel. The growth in expenses from these channels was primarily related to the growth in the number of applications submitted on our website from 2004 to 2005, and, to a lesser extent, an increase in the average cost per submitted member. Additionally, we had a $0.9 million increase in compensation and related expenses as a result of
44
increased headcount and a $0.5 million increase due to additional publicity and public relations campaigns during 2005. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $1.2 million in spending on certain offline advertising initiatives in 2005 as compared to 2004. As a percentage of total revenue, these expenses remained stable when compared with 2004. The cost of acquiring new members increased 7% from $47.33 in 2004 to $50.62 in 2005.
Marketing and advertising expenses increased by $5.7 million, or 82%, from 2003 to 2004. This was primarily due to a $4.2 million increase in expenses driven by significant growth in our online advertising channel expenses and, to a lesser extent, increases in marketing partner channel expenses. The increase in marketing and advertising expenses was also due to an increase of $1.2 million in spending in our direct channel. As a percentage of total revenue, marketing and advertising expenses increased from 31% in 2003 to 42% in 2004. The cost of acquiring new members increased 37% from $34.50 in 2003 to $47.33 in 2004 primarily due to an increase in television and radio advertising expenses in 2004.
Customer Care and Enrollment
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
Customer care and enrollment |
$ | 6,185 | $ | 7,577 | $ | 8,822 | ||||||
Percentage of total revenue |
28 | % | 25 | % | 21 | % |
Customer care and enrollment expenses increased by $1.2 million, or 16%, from 2004 to 2005. This was due to higher compensation and related expenses associated with increased headcount necessary to service the increased volume of submitted applications through our website. Customer care and enrollment expenses were 21% of total revenue in 2005, a decrease from 25% in 2004 as a result of economies of scale achieved in our customer care and enrollment operations in 2005.
Customer care and enrollment expenses increased by $1.4 million, or 23%, from 2003 to 2004. This was due primarily to higher compensation and related expenses associated with increased headcount. Customer care and enrollment expenses were 25% of total revenue, down from 28% in 2003 as a result of economies of scale achieved in our customer care and enrollment operations in 2004.
Technology and Content
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
Technology and content |
$ | 6,595 | $ | 7,461 | $ | 8,054 | ||||||
Percentage of total revenue |
30 | % | 25 | % | 19 | % |
Technology and content expenses increased by $0.6 million, or 8%, from 2004 to 2005, due primarily to higher compensation and related expenses associated with increased headcount. Technology and content expenses decreased from 25% of total revenue in 2004 to 19% in 2005 as a result of economies of scale achieved in our technology and content operations in 2005.
Technology and content expenses increased by $0.9 million, or 13%, from 2003 to 2004, due primarily to increased compensation and related expenses associated with increased headcount. Technology and content expenses decreased from 30% of total revenue in 2003 to 25% in 2004 as a result of economies of scale achieved in our technology and content operations in 2004.
45
General and Administrative
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
General and administrative |
$ | 5,123 | $ | 5,385 | $ | 7,108 | ||||||
Percentage of total revenue |
23 | % | 18 | % | 17 | % |
General and administrative expenses increased by $1.7 million, or 32%, from 2004 to 2005. The largest portion of this increase, $0.8 million, related to increased compensation and related expenses associated with increased headcount in our finance and legal departments. Expenses for outside professional services associated with our accounting, legal and internal information technology departments increased by $0.7 million during 2005 due to growth in our operations and process improvements in preparation for future operation as a public company. As a percentage of our total revenue, general and administrative expenses remained relatively stable compared to 2004.
General and administrative expenses increased by $0.3 million, or 5%, from 2003 to 2004. This increase in expenses was primarily due to higher compensation and related expenses associated with increased headcount, as well as moving expenses for the relocation of both of our U.S. facilities during the year. These items were offset in part by a net reduction in outside professional service expenses during 2004. At 18% of our total revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased from 23% in 2003 as a result of our revenue growing at a higher rate than general and administrative expenses in 2004.
Other Income, Net
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
Other income, net |
$ | 74 | $ | 60 | $ | 239 | ||||||
Percentage of total revenue |
| % | | % | 1 | % |
Other income, net increased by $0.2 million, or 298%, from 2004 to 2005. This increase was due primarily to an increase in earnings on our invested assets caused by a rise in the average 30-day yield paid on our cash balances, combined with an increase in our combined cash and cash equivalents balances. We experienced a $14,000, or 19%, decrease in other income, net from 2003 to 2004. This was due primarily to a reduction in our combined cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment balances.
Provision for Income Taxes
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
$ | | $ | | $ | 21 | ||||||
Effective tax rate |
| % | | % | 5 | % |
We recorded a provision for income taxes in 2005 attributable to federal alternative minimum taxes currently payable due to limits on the amount of net operating losses that may be applied against income earned in 2005 under current tax regulations. In 2003 and 2004, no provision for income taxes was recorded due to our net loss position. At December 31, 2005, we maintained a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets based on the determination that it was more likely than not that the deferred tax assets would not be realized.
46
Quarterly Results of Operations
The following table presents our unaudited quarterly consolidated results of operations and our unaudited quarterly consolidated results of operations as a percentage of revenue for the nine quarters ended March 31, 2006. The unaudited quarterly consolidated information has been prepared on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements. You should read the following tables presenting our quarterly consolidated results of operations in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. These tables include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, that we consider necessary for the fair presentation of our consolidated operating results for the quarters presented. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for any future period.
Quarter Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mar. 31, 2004 |
Jun. 30, 2004 |
Sep. 30, 2004 |
Dec. 31, 2004 |
Mar. 31, 2005 |
Jun. 30, 2005 |
Sep. 30, 2005 |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Mar. 31, 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commission |
$ | 6,410 | $ | 7,141 | $ | 7,834 | $ | 8,398 | $ | 8,924 | $ | 10,116 | $ | 10,726 | $ | 11,471 | $ | 12,719 | |||||||||||||||
License and other |
112 | 105 | 121 | 94 | 76 | 85 | 118 | 236 | 316 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
6,522 | 7,246 | 7,955 | 8,492 | 9,000 | 10,201 | 10,844 | 11,707 | 13,035 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue |
96 | 125 | 113 | 113 | 120 | 158 | 163 | 173 | 204 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marketing and advertising (1) |
2,810 | 3,156 | 3,269 | 3,497 | 3,774 | 4,237 | 4,967 | 4,808 | 4,860 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Customer care and enrollment (1) |
1,758 | 1,805 | 2,017 | 1,997 | 1,996 | 2,176 | 2,229 | 2,421 | 2,596 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technology and content (1) |
1,754 | 1,841 | 1,918 | 1,948 | 1,870 | 1,955 | 2,091 | 2,138 | 2,256 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative (1) |
1,270 | 1,376 | 1,286 | 1,453 | 1,562 | 1,655 | 1,871 | 2,020 | 2,085 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses |
7,688 | 8,303 | 8,603 | 9,008 | 9,322 | 10,181 | 11,321 | 11,560 | 12,001 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
(1,166 | ) | (1,057 | ) | (648 | ) | (516 | ) | (322 | ) | 20 | (477 | ) | 147 | 1,034 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other income, net |
13 | 6 | 16 | 25 | 40 | 53 | 49 | 97 | 91 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |
(1,153 | ) | (1,051 | ) | (632 | ) | (491 | ) | (282 | ) | 73 | (428 | ) | 244 | 1,125 | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
| | | | | | | 21 | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (1,153 | ) | $ | (1,051 | ) | $ | (632 | ) | $ | (491 | ) | $ | (282 | ) | $ | 73 | $ | (428 | ) | $ | 223 | $ | 1,102 | |||||||||
____________ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes stock-based compensation as follows: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marketing and advertising |
$ | 22 | $ | 4 | $ | 4 | $ | 29 | $ | 5 | $ | 88 | $ | 3 | $ | 1 | $ | | |||||||||||||||
Customer care and enrollment |
1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technology and content |
4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 14 | 18 | 18 | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 31 | $ | 15 | $ | 14 | $ | 39 | $ | 24 | $ | 109 | $ | 30 | $ | 28 | $ | 41 | |||||||||||||||
47
Quarter Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mar. 31, 2004 |
Jun. 30, 2004 |
Sep. 30, 2004 |
Dec. 31, 2004 |
Mar. 31, 2005 |
Jun. 30, 2005 |
Sep. 30, 2005 |
Dec. 31, 2005 |
Mar. 31, 2006 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Revenue: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commission |
98.3 | % | 98.6 | % | 98.5 | % | 98.9 | % | 99.2 | % | 99.2 | % | 98.9 | % | 98.0 | % | 97.6 | % | |||||||||
Licensing and other |
1.7 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 2.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue |
1.5 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Marketing and advertising |
43.1 | 43.6 | 41.1 | 41.2 | 41.9 | 41.6 | 45.8 | 41.1 | 37.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Customer care and enrollment |
27.0 | 24.9 | 25.4 | 23.5 | 22.2 | 21.3 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 19.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Technology and content |
26.9 | 25.4 | 24.1 | 22.9 | 20.8 | 19.2 | 19.3 | 18.2 | 17.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
19.5 | 19.0 | 16.2 | 17.1 | 17.4 | 16.2 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 16.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses |
117.9 | 114.6 | 108.1 | 106.1 | 103.6 | 99.8 | 104.4 | 98.7 | 92.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
(17.9 | ) | (14.6 | ) | (8.1 | ) | (6.1 | ) | (3.6 | ) | 0.2 | (4.4 | ) | 1.3 | 7.9 | ||||||||||||
Other income, net |
0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |
(17.7 | ) | (14.5 | ) | (7.9 | ) | (5.8 | ) | (3.1 | ) | 0.7 | (3.9 | ) | 2.1 | 8.6 | ||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
| | | | | | | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
(17.7 | )% | (14.5 | )% | (7.9 | )% | (5.8 | )% | (3.1 | )% | 0.7 | % | (3.9 | )% | 1.9 | % | 8.5 | % | |||||||||
Our revenue increased each quarter for the periods presented. We reported net income for the first time in the second quarter of 2005 and again in the fourth quarter of 2005 and the first quarter of 2006. In the third quarter of 2005, we incurred a net loss of $0.4 million primarily due to a significant increase in marketing and advertising expenses resulting from an increase in applications for individual and family products submitted by consumers referred to us from our marketing partners.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table presents a summary of our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2006:
Year Ended December 31, | Three Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||||||
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2005 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
$ | (2,988 | ) | $ | (599 | ) | $ | 2,617 | $ | (247 | ) | $ | 508 | |||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
$ | (876 | ) | $ | 5,447 | $ | (1,239 | ) | $ | (168 | ) | $ | (191 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
$ | 91 | $ | 215 | $ | (682 | ) | $ | (25 | ) | $ | (380 | ) |
Since inception, we have financed our operations primarily through private sales of equity and internally generated funds. At March 31, 2006, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $9.4 million. Cash equivalents are comprised primarily of highly liquid financial instruments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase.
Operating Activities
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities primarily consists of net income (loss), adjusted for certain non-cash items including depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities. Our operating activities generated cash of $0.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2006, primarily due to net income of $1.1 million, a $0.4 million increase in accrued
48
marketing expenses and $0.3 million of non-cash depreciation and amortization expense. These items were partially offset by a $1.0 million reduction in accrued compensation and benefits primarily related to annual bonus amounts accrued at December 31, 2005 that were paid during the three months ended March 31, 2006. We typically pay a significant portion of our annual bonuses that are accrued during a given year in the first quarter of the following year.
Our operating activities used $0.2 million of cash during the three months ended March 31, 2005, primarily due to a net loss of $0.3 million and a $0.8 million reduction in accrued compensation and benefits primarily related to annual bonus amounts accrued at December 31, 2004 that were paid during the three months ended March 31, 2005. These items were partially offset by $0.3 million of non-cash depreciation and amortization expense and $0.2 million increases in both other current liabilities and deferred revenue.
Our operating activities generated cash of $2.6 million in 2005, primarily due to $1.1 million of non-cash depreciation and amortization expenses, a $0.6 million increase in accrued compensation and benefits, a $0.5 million increase in deferred revenue, primarily related to a single health insurance carrier whose commission revenue we deferred during 2005 due to our inability to estimate an allowance for forfeitures, $0.2 million increases in both accounts payable and other current liabilities, $0.2 million of non-cash stock-based compensation expense and $0.2 million of deferred rent expense. These items were partially offset by a net loss of $0.4 million.
Cash used in operating activities of $0.6 million in 2004 was due to a net loss of $3.3 million, offset by $1.5 million of non-cash depreciation and amortization expense, a $0.5 million increase in accrued compensation and benefits, a $0.4 million increase in accrued marketing expenses, a $0.3 million increase in accounts payable and a $0.2 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets.
Cash used in operating activities of $3.0 million in 2003 was due to a net loss of $3.2 million, a $0.8 million decrease in other current liabilities due to payment of a legal settlement that we had accrued for in prior years and a $0.7 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, primarily related to advertising costs for 2004 that were prepaid in 2003. These items were partially offset by $1.2 million of non-cash depreciation and amortization expense and a $0.2 million increase in accrued marketing expenses.
Investing Activities
Our investing activities primarily consist of purchases, sales and maturities of short-term investments, as well as capital expenditures associated with computer equipment and software to enhance our website and to support our growth. Short-term investments generally consist of highly liquid securities that we intend to hold for more than three months, but less than one year. These investments are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as a component of stockholders equity. Cash used in investing activities of $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2006 and $1.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2005 was primarily attributable to capital expenditures. Cash provided by investing activities of $5.4 million in 2004 was primarily attributable to the sale of short-term investments totaling $7.0 million, offset by $1.6 million in capital expenditures. Cash used in investing activities of $0.9 million in 2003 was primarily attributable to capital expenditures. We expect capital expenditures to increase in 2006 compared to 2005.
Financing Activities
Cash used in financing activities of $0.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2006 was primarily due to $0.6 million of costs incurred in connection with this offering, less proceeds received from the issuance of common stock pursuant to stock option exercises of $0.2 million. Cash used in financing activities of $0.7 million in 2005 was primarily due to $1.0 million of costs incurred in connection with this offering, less proceeds received from the issuance of common stock pursuant to stock option exercises of $0.4 million. Cash provided by financing activities of $0.2 million in 2004 was primarily attributable to proceeds received from the issuance of common stock pursuant to stock option exercises. Cash provided by financing activities in 2003 of $0.1 million was primarily due to proceeds received from the issuance of common stock pursuant to stock option exercises and the issuance of shares of our Series C preferred stock in connection with the exercise of a preferred stock warrant.
49
Future Needs
We believe that cash generated from operations and our current cash, cash equivalents and investments will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our level of investment in technology and advertising initiatives. Although we are currently not a party to any agreement or letter of intent with respect to investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, products or technologies, we may enter into these types of arrangements in the future, which could also require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. We currently do not have any bank debt, line of credit facilities or other borrowing arrangements. In the event that additional financing is required, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, operating results and financial condition will likely be harmed.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table presents a summary of our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2005:
Payment Due Within | ||||||||||||||||||
1 Year | 2 Years | 3 Years | 4 Years | 5 Years | Total | |||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
Capital lease obligations |
$ | 12 | $ | 18 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 30 | ||||||
Operating lease obligations |
1,281 | 1,124 | 1,149 | 933 | 265 | 4,752 | ||||||||||||
Service obligations |
145 | 175 | 210 | 250 | | 780 | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 1,438 | $ | 1,317 | $ | 1,359 | $ | 1,183 | $ | 265 | $ | 5,562 | ||||||
Capital Lease Obligation
As of March 31, 2006, we had one capital lease obligation related to office equipment, which expires in December 2007.
Operating Lease Obligations
In August 2004, we signed a lease agreement for our headquarters in Mountain View, California. This facility is leased under a non-cancelable operating lease that expires in 2009, with a renewal option at fair market value for an additional five-year period. In December 2004, we moved our customer care center from Folsom, California to Gold River, California and entered into a non-cancelable sixty-five month lease which expires in 2010. We also lease other facilities in the United States and China under non-cancelable operating leases that range in terms from one to two years. Certain of these leases have free or escalating rent payment provisions. We recognize rent expense on our operating leases on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases. In addition, we lease equipment under operating leases that range in terms from three to five years, the latest of which expires in January 2009.
Service Obligations
In November 2005, we entered into an agreement with a third-party service provider to provide certain information services for our website. The agreement provides for escalating monthly payments through December 2009. We recognize expense under the agreement on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, investments in special purpose entities or undisclosed borrowings or debt. Additionally, we are not a party to any derivative contracts or synthetic leases.
50
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Sensitivity
As of March 31, 2006, we had cash and cash equivalents of $9.4 million, which consisted primarily of highly liquid money market instruments with original maturities of three months or less. Because of the short-term nature of these instruments, a sudden change in market interest rates would not be expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly increasing risk. Some of the securities in which we invest may be subject to market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. To minimize this risk in the future, we intend to maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and short-term investments in a variety of securities, including commercial paper, money market funds, debt securities and certificates of deposit. We do not use financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes, nor do we use leveraged financial instruments.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
To date, all of our revenue has been derived from transactions denominated in United States Dollars. We have exposure to adverse changes in exchange rates associated with operating expenses of our foreign operations, which are denominated in Chinese Renminbi, but we believe this exposure to be limited. We have not engaged in any foreign currency hedging or other derivative transactions to date.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2005, the EITF issued EITF 05-06, Determining the Amortization Period for Leasehold Improvements after Lease Inception or Acquired in a Business Combination (EITF 05-06). EITF 05-06 requires that leasehold improvements acquired in a business combination be capitalized over the shorter of the useful life of the assets or a term that includes required lease periods and renewals that are deemed to be reasonably assured at the date of acquisition. EITF 05-06 also requires leasehold improvements that are placed in service significantly after and not contemplated at or near the beginning of the lease term should be amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the assets or a term that includes required lease periods and renewals that are deemed to be reasonably assured (as defined in paragraph 5 of Statement 13, Accounting for Leases) at the date the leasehold improvements are purchased. EITF 05-06 is effective for leasehold improvements that are purchased or acquired in reporting periods beginning after June 29, 2005. Early adoption of the consensus is permitted in periods for which financial statements have not been issued. The adoption of EITF 05-06 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
51
Overview
We are the leading online source of health insurance for individuals, families and small businesses. We are licensed to market and sell health insurance in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. We have invested significant time and resources in building a scalable, proprietary ecommerce platform, and we have developed partnerships with over 140 health insurance carriers, enabling us to offer more than 5,000 health insurance products online. Our ecommerce platform can be accessed directly through our website addresses (www.ehealth.com and www.ehealthinsurance.com) as well as through our broad network of marketing partners. We organize and present voluminous and complex health insurance information in a user-friendly format and enable consumers to choose from a wide variety of health insurance products. Our platform enables individuals, families and small businesses to research, analyze, compare and purchase health insurance products that best meet their needs. Our technology also enables us to communicate electronically with our insurance carrier partners and process consumers health insurance applications online. As a result, we simplify and streamline the complex and traditionally paper-intensive health insurance sales and purchasing process.
Industry Background
The Internet has emerged as a highly efficient and cost-effective medium that enables millions of consumers and businesses to research, compare, select and purchase products and services online. The growth of ecommerce has been driven by increased awareness of the product selection and information available online, the convenience of shopping online, continued improvement in network infrastructure and payment security and growing consumer access to high-speed Internet connections. Ecommerce offers the potential to streamline complex processes, lower costs and improve productivity. The Internet has revolutionized the distribution of many products and services of large and complex industries, including brokerage, banking and auction services. We believe the Internet is also transforming the distribution of health insurance.
Health Insurance Industry
The private health insurance market is large and growing. Aggregate private health insurance premiums in the United States were estimated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to be $658 billion in 2004, and have increased consistently over time, largely unaffected by economic cycles. The private health insurance market consists of three primary segments: large employers, small businesses (businesses with fewer than 100 employees) and the individual and family market (direct purchasers of health insurance). Large employers and small businesses have experienced substantial health insurance premium inflation in recent years and, as a consequence, are increasingly seeking to reduce the costs associated with providing health insurance to their employees. Actions taken by employers include offering fewer benefits to employees, reducing or eliminating dependent coverage, increasing employees health insurance premium contributions, increasing plan deductibles, and eliminating health insurance coverage altogether. A 2005 survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that from 2001 to May 2005, the percentage of large and small business employees receiving health insurance benefits from their employers dropped from 69% to 60%. Typically, the only options for individuals who lose coverage are to obtain health insurance in the individual and family market, attempt to qualify for government-subsidized benefits or remain uninsured.
The individual and family segment is a well-established and significant component of the private health insurance market. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately 17 million Americans directly purchased their health insurance coverage from an individual or family health insurance plan in 2004. Many of these individuals are among the 10 million self-employed whose occupations range from gardeners, electricians and plumbers to physicians and attorneys. We believe that the individual and family market will continue to grow as a result of the increasing number of self-employed individuals, growing awareness of the availability and affordability of individual and family health plans and rising health benefit cost pressures in the employer
52
segments. Recognizing this market opportunity, many large insurance companies including Aetna, Humana and UnitedHealthcare have begun to offer health insurance products in the individual and family market.
The uninsured represent another significant growth opportunity for the individual and family markets. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that in 2004 over 45 million Americans did not have health insurance. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately 16 million of the uninsured population are members of families with annual incomes of $50,000 or more, including more than 8 million with annual incomes of $75,000 or more. In addition, the National Center for Policy Analysis reported that households with annual incomes of $50,000 or more accounted for approximately 90% of the increase in the number of uninsured over the ten years prior to 2004. Based on these statistics, we believe that there is a large population of uninsured individuals who can afford to obtain health insurance in the individual and family market.
Small business health insurance is also a large segment of the private health insurance market. Small businesses employ more than half of the private sector workforce and represent 99% of all businesses in America, according to a 2004 report by the U.S. Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy. The Employee Benefits Research Institute estimated that in 2003 small businesses provided health insurance benefits to 28 million Americans. Furthermore, statistics and small business surveys indicate that many small businesses are currently not providing health insurance to their employees because they are unaware of the availability of affordable health insurance products. According to a report released in May 2005 by the National Federation of Independent Business Research Foundation and Wells Fargo Bank, 66% of small businesses surveyed in 2004 stated that the rising cost of health insurance was a critical problem, as compared to 47% of small businesses surveyed in 2000. This same survey found that since 1986, healthcare costs have remained the number one critical problem for small businesses. We believe that these statistics suggest that a large number of small businesses would provide health insurance benefits to their employees if made aware of affordable, high-quality health insurance options.
The large size of the existing individual, family and small business health insurance markets, combined with the growing number of self-employed individuals and small businesses, the large and increasing number of uninsured and declining health benefits offered by employers, create a significant opportunity to provide health insurance to individuals, families and small businesses.
Traditional Distribution of Health Insurance to Individuals, Families and Small Businesses
The process of selling and purchasing individual, family and small business health insurance is highly localized and has not changed significantly in over 50 years. Individual, family and small business health insurance has historically been sold by independent insurance agents and, to a much lesser degree, directly by insurance companies. Most of these agents are self-employed or part of small agencies, and they typically service only their local communities. In addition, many of these agents sell health insurance from a limited number of insurance carriers (in some cases only one), resulting in a reduced selection of products for the consumer.
Large brokers such as Aon Insurance Services, Arthur J. Gallagher & Co., Marsh, Inc. and Willis Group Limited as well as many regional brokers and agencies, have not historically addressed the individual, family and small business markets. Instead, they have primarily limited their marketing and sales efforts to large or mid-sized employers, where they can amortize the significant documentation and distribution costs over a large number of plan participants and often charge their clients a brokers fee. We believe that the lack of attention provided to the individual, family and small business health insurance markets by these agencies has left these markets underserved and highly fragmented.
The purchase and sale of health insurance has historically been a complex, time-consuming and paper-intensive process. Health insurance terminology, insurance plan types (e.g., HMO, PPO, POS indemnity plans) and provisions are often confusing and difficult to understand. Each plan is unique, offering different coverage, premiums, co-payment requirements and deductibles, among other provisions. In addition, different kinds of care
53
are covered at different levels within a particular insurance plan, from outpatient care or lab and x-ray work to inpatient care related to emergencies and hospitalization. Other services such as maternity, in-home or mental healthcare can all be covered at different rates by different plans. This complexity can make it difficult to make informed health insurance decisions. In addition, the human error that arises from traditional paper-intensive distribution has historically resulted in a high number of incomplete and inaccurate applications being submitted to health insurance carriers. Incomplete and inaccurate paper applications often result in back-and-forth communications, delay and additional cost.
Extensive state government regulation further complicates the health insurance industry and has made the traditional distribution of health insurance on a national basis difficult. State insurance regulators require that carriers and agents be licensed by each state in which they sell and adhere to sales, documentation and administration practices specific to that state. Federal laws govern how carriers and agents collect and use personal health and financial information. These regulations result in high costs of nationwide market entry and high continuing costs associated with ongoing regulatory compliance.
Pricing must also meet state regulatory requirements and, once health insurance pricing is set by the carrier and approved by state regulators, it is fixed and not generally subject to negotiation or discounting by health insurance companies or agents. As a result, the profitability of distributing a particular health insurance product is determined primarily by the costs of marketing, selling and administering that particular product. We believe that the set pricing of health insurance products creates significant competitive advantages for a business with a more efficient distribution process.
For the individual, family and small business health insurance markets, the Internets convenient, information-rich and interactive nature offers both the opportunity to provide consumers with more organized information and a broader choice of products than are typically available from traditional health insurance distribution channels. The Internet also offers a means of providing up-to-date health insurance information and products 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and reduces the cost and time associated with marketing, selling, underwriting and administering health insurance products. According to a November 2004 survey by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, over 30% of all Internet users have already searched online for information on health insurance. We believe that individuals, families and small businesses will rapidly adopt a new health insurance distribution medium that harnesses the power of the Internet to address the weaknesses in the current distribution channels.
Our Solution
We are the leading online source of health insurance for individuals, families and small businesses. We are licensed to market and sell health insurance in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. We have invested significant time and resources in building a scalable, proprietary ecommerce platform, and we have developed partnerships with over 140 health insurance carriers as of March 31, 2006, enabling us to offer more than 5,000 health insurance products online. Our ecommerce platform can be accessed directly through our website addresses (www.ehealth.com and www.ehealthinsurance.com) as well as through our broad network of marketing partners. We organize and present voluminous and complex health insurance information in a user-friendly format and enable consumers to choose from a wide variety of health insurance products. Our platform enables individuals, families and small businesses to research, analyze, compare and purchase health insurance products that best meet their needs. Our technology also enables us to communicate electronically with our insurance carrier partners and process consumers health insurance applications online. As a result, we simplify and streamline the complex and traditionally paper-intensive health insurance sales and purchasing process. We estimate that as of March 31, 2006, we had more than 300,000 members. We define a member as an individual currently covered by an insurance product for which we are entitled to receive compensation.
We believe that our ecommerce platform provides our health insurance carrier partners access to new and profitable business. For example, more than 40% of our members were uninsured prior to obtaining health
54
insurance through us, according to an October 2005 survey of our members. We are a leading sales originator for many of the nations leading carriers, including Aetna, Humana, Kaiser Permanente, PacifiCare, Unicare, UnitedHealthcare and a number of leading BlueCross BlueShield carriers. We also enable carriers to reduce their processing costs, expand into new markets and gather and utilize relevant market data.
We serve as a trusted resource for objective information relating to health insurance and its affordability. Beginning in 2002, we have published several reports, including The Cost and Benefits of Individual Health Insurance Plans, Trends in Health Savings Accounts and The Most Affordable Cities for Health Insurance. We take an active role in health insurance reform by working with government policymakers and legislators to make health insurance more accessible and affordable. We believe that these activities provide greater awareness of the availability and affordability of health insurance and enhance our brand recognition among our members, marketing partners and carrier partners.
Our financial model is characterized by recurring revenue, an average member life that exceeds two years and health insurance pricing that is set by each carrier and approved by state regulators. We generate revenue primarily from commissions we receive from health insurance carriers whose policies are purchased through us by individuals, families and small businesses. We typically receive commission payments on a monthly basis for as long as a policy remains active. As a result, much of our revenue for a given financial reporting period relates to policies that we sold prior to the beginning of the period and is recurring in nature. Because health insurance pricing is set by the carrier and approved by state regulators, health insurance pricing is fixed. We, therefore, are not generally subject to negotiation or discounting of prices by health insurance carriers or our competitors.
Our Strategy
Our objective is to continue to strengthen our position as the leading online distribution platform for health insurance sold to individuals, families and small businesses.
Key elements of our strategy are to:
Increase Our Brand Awareness. We believe that building greater awareness of our brand is critical for our continued growth. A significant percentage of our website traffic is direct, and we intend to grow our direct website traffic by strengthening our brand awareness through a variety of marketing and public relations efforts that highlight our company as a leading source of objective health insurance information and affordable health insurance plans for individuals, families and small businesses.
Offer the Best Consumer Experience. We believe that providing the best consumer experience increases market adoption of our services, builds our brand awareness, drives word-of-mouth referrals and improves our visitor-to-member conversion rates. We intend to continue to further develop an online experience that empowers consumers with the knowledge, choice and services they need to select and purchase health insurance plans that best meet their needs. We also intend to continue to offer a wide selection of health insurance products, including tax-advantaged products such as Health Savings Account-eligible health plans that make health insurance more affordable and accessible for consumers.
Extend Our Technology Leadership. We believe that our technology infrastructure and online platform give us a significant competitive advantage for the distribution of individual, family and small business health insurance. For example, our Electronic Processing Interchange and instant membership features reduce the time between application and enrollment. To extend our leadership position, we plan to continue to enhance our platform and its key capabilities to increase functionality, reliability, scalability and performance. In addition, we intend to continue to explore new ways to leverage and enhance our technology, including the licensing of our technology to carriers, enabling them to market and sell their products online, the introduction of new products and services, and our entry into new markets.
55
Broaden Our Carrier Network. We intend to continue to add new health insurance carriers to our ecommerce platform and expand our existing carrier relationships. We seek to deepen our technology integration with our carrier partners, allowing us to further streamline the sales process and increase revenue opportunities for us and our carrier partners. In addition, we intend to work closely with our carrier partners to help them more efficiently utilize our ecommerce platform to access previously underserved markets.
Expand Our Network of Marketing Partners and Other Member Acquisition Programs. We believe that a balanced member acquisition program is critical to the success of our business. We plan to continue to develop and expand our marketing relationships with banking, insurance, mortgage and other services and association partners. We expect to expand our joint marketing programs with these partners to drive awareness of our online platform to their customer and member bases. We also plan to continue our investments in other member acquisition sources such as paid search and other forms of online advertising.
Continue Our Public Policy and Legislative Assistance and Support. We plan to continue to serve as a resource regarding the health insurance market to legislative and public policy organizations, without regard to political affiliation, as well as serve as an advocate for affordable and accessible health insurance. As a result of the studies conducted and reports published by us, we have become a trusted authority in the health insurance industry and among key decision makers in the government. We believe these efforts contribute a valuable public service, increase our brand awareness and allow us to work more effectively with our marketing and carrier partners.
Our Platform and Services
Our ecommerce platform organizes and presents voluminous and complex health insurance information in an unbiased and objective format and empowers individuals, families and small businesses to research, analyze, compare and purchase a wide variety of health insurance products. As of March 31, 2006, we offered more than 5,000 health insurance plans from over 140 health insurance carriers, representing the largest health insurance product portfolio available online. The products we offer include major medical health insurance coverage such as preferred provider organization, health maintenance organization and indemnity plans, short-term medical insurance, student health insurance and ancillary products such as dental, vision and life insurance.
Key elements of our platform include:
Online Rate Quoting and Comprehensive Plan Information. Our ecommerce platform instantly provides consumers online rate quotes and comprehensive plan benefit information from a large number of health insurance carriers. After entering a minimal amount of relevant information on our website, such as zip code, gender, age, smoker or non-smoker and student status, the consumer instantly receives a comprehensive list of applicable health insurance products and benefit information in an easy-to-understand format. This information includes each plans rates, benefits and features, as well as the financial stability ratings of the health insurance carrier. The list also highlights sponsored plans (plans that our carriers pay us for preferred placement on our website) and our best sellers (the most popular plans in the consumers market). The consumer can sort through the quoted plans based on price, health insurance carrier, deductible amount, or search the list of quoted plans to obtain a subset based on various consumer preferences.
Plan Comparison and Recommendations. Our ecommerce platform enables consumers to compare and contrast health insurance plans in a side-by-side format based on plan characteristics such as price, plan type, deductible amount, co-payment amount and in-network and out-of-network benefits. To further assist consumers in choosing a health insurance plan that best meets their needs, our platform can provide consumers with personalized recommendations. Our automated recommendation capability presents a short series of questions and recommends up to four health insurance plans based on the consumers input.
Online Application and Enrollment Forms. Our online application process offers our consumers significant improvements over the traditional, paper-intensive application process. It employs dynamic business
56
logic to help individuals and families complete application and enrollment forms correctly in real-time. This reduces delay resulting from application rework, a significant problem with traditional health insurance distribution, where incomplete applications are mailed back and forth between the consumer, the traditional agent and the carrier. We further simplify the enrollment process by accepting electronic signature and electronic payment from our consumers. Approximately 80% of our individual, family and short-term applications in 2005 were submitted online with no communication with a sales representative in our customer care center. Additionally, more than 50% of our applications in 2005 were completed using our electronic payment and signature technology.
Electronic Processing Interchange. Our Electronic Processing Interchange (EPI) technology integrates our online application process with health insurance carriers technology systems, enabling us to electronically deliver our consumers applications to health insurance carriers. This expedites the application process by eliminating manual delivery and reducing the need for data entry and human review. Through EPI, we also receive automatic alerts and data feeds from carriers, such as notification of underwriting approval or a request from a carrier for a consumers medical records for underwriting purposes, which we then relay electronically to the consumer. These features of our service help prevent applications from becoming delayed or rejected through inactivity of the consumer or the carrier. EPI accelerates the application process; while the traditional paper-intensive application required approximately 44 days to be approved in 2005, EPI helped to reduce that time by at least 50% in 2005. One of our carriers has also implemented instant membership, a technology that allows our applicants to be approved immediately upon their online submission of the application and to obtain health insurance coverage the following day.
Customer Care Center. At any step of the application process, consumers can obtain help from one of our licensed sales and customer service representatives through email, web-based chat or our toll-free telephone number. Our customer care center, which is divided into three general areas consisting of customer care, enrollment and customer service, had over 106 employees, 61 of whom were licensed agents, as of March 31, 2006. To promote unbiased carrier and plan recommendations, our representatives are compensated irrespective of the health insurance plan we sell. Our representatives use our proprietary consumer relationship management system to provide high-quality service to a much larger number of consumers than a local agent can service using traditional sales methods. Our system, which establishes a work queue protocol for each consumer request, enables our representatives to track each application, obtain real-time updates from the carrier, transmit information to the carrier, automatically generate and send emails specific to each consumer and carrier and cross-sell the consumer additional products and services.
We service the special needs of small businesses through our customer care center. Small businesses often do not have dedicated human resources personnel to design and administer a benefits program for their employees. To assist our small business members, we maintain a dedicated staff of small business customer service specialists. These agents are licensed in multiple jurisdictions so that, at any time, we have expertise available to small businesses in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. We also offer our small business members access to an online enrollment center so that their employees have the tools they need to better self-manage their health plan coverage. Because of the knowledge and expertise we have gained from working with hundreds of thousands of members, we believe that we offer our small business members a high level of service and expertise.
Carrier Relationships
As of March 31, 2006, we sold health insurance products for over 140 health insurance carriers, including large national carriers such as Aetna, Humana and UnitedHealthcare, over 35 BlueCross BlueShield carriers, and well-established regional carriers such as Golden Rule, Health Net, Kaiser Permanente, PacifiCare and Unicare. We typically enter into contractual agency relationships with health insurance carriers that are non-exclusive and often are or become terminable on short notice by either party for any reason. These agreements provide for the commission revenue that we receive from health insurance carriers, which is based on a percentage of the premium our members have paid to the carrier and in some instances commission override payments.
57
We offer substantial benefits to health insurance carriers, including:
Increased New Sales. A primary benefit that we offer health insurance carriers is the substantial new business that we bring them. Since a significant percentage of our new members were uninsured when they obtained health insurance through us, we believe we are capturing new markets for carriers rather than simply moving market share from one carrier distribution channel to another carrier distribution channel, or from one carrier to another carrier.
Efficient Access to New Members and Markets. Our ecommerce platform enables health insurance carriers to efficiently provide their products to new consumers, including the fragmented and geographically dispersed individual, family and small business markets. Through our ecommerce platform, carriers can more cost-effectively reach a larger number of potential consumers than they can using traditional distribution channels. In addition, our ability to efficiently distribute health insurance products nationwide allows carriers to quickly enter new regions and introduce new products. Our platform also allows carriers to quickly and cost-effectively test new health insurance products and prices in existing and new markets.
Reduced Costs. Our ecommerce platform significantly reduces the costs associated with traditional paper-intensive distribution that is otherwise borne by our carrier partners. Our carrier partners save significant time and expense because our platform reduces the labor involved in reviewing, correcting and reworking applications. Our EPI technology also reduces and often eliminates the need for data entry, paper-intensive communication and human interaction during the sales process.
Access to Relevant and Timely Market Data. As a provider of a broad variety of health insurance plans in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, we are a unique source of market data for our carrier partners. We collect, aggregate and report on market trends regarding plan features, pricing, demand and consumer demographics, allowing our carrier partners to quickly react to changing market conditions and optimize their business processes. With our data, carriers can better design plan benefits and pricing to meet consumers needs.
We derive commission revenue under separate agreements with several health insurance carriers that are owned by WellPoint, as well as health insurance carriers owned by UnitedHealthcare. The carriers owned by WellPoint and UnitedHealthcare represented 23% and 22% of our total revenue in 2005. Our contract with Golden Rule Insurance Company, which is owned by UnitedHealthcare, represented 17% of our total revenue in 2005, and our contract with Blue Cross of California and Unicare, which are owned by WellPoint, represented 15% of our total revenue in 2005.
Marketing
Our marketing strategy is to continue to build a large and loyal member base by providing superior value to our members. We focus on building brand awareness, increasing website visitors and converting visitors into buyers. Our marketing initiatives are varied and numerous. They include:
Direct Marketing. We attract new consumers through paid search advertising and unpaid (natural) search listings on leading search engines such as Google, MSN and Yahoo!. Our other Internet marketing programs include banner advertising, email marketing and a partnership with leading online portal MSN pursuant to which we are the exclusive provider of online individual and family health insurance purchasing services on MSN. We utilize print marketing campaigns, direct response advertising and viral marketing initiatives to increase website visitors. We also use site design, unique content, proprietary segmentation and decision-making tools to increase the relevance and appeal of our service.
Partner Marketing. We have established a pay-for-performance network, comprised of hundreds of partners that drive consumers to our ecommerce platform. These partners fall into three general categories:
| Financial and online services partners in industries such as banking, insurance, mortgage, association and other financial services, including Aetna, Aon, Bank of America, Cargill, Countrywide, Esurance, |
58
Gallagher, Insurance.com, LowerMyBills, NFIB, Paychex, Sallie Mae, Sovereign Bank, UnitedHealthcare, Wells Fargo, Willis and Zurich. |
| Affiliate programs, including Commission Junction and our own established affiliate program. By aggregating hundreds of website publishers, both small and large, through our affiliate programs, we broadly promote our brand and services over the Internet. |
| Online advertisers and content providers that are specialists in paid and unpaid (natural) search, as well as specialists in other types of Internet marketing. We have established relationships with advertisers who, through keyword search and other strategies, identify consumers seeking health insurance on the Internet. |
Many of our partners agree to an initial two-year term contract that contains an automatic renewal clause for subsequent one-year periods. In addition, many of our partners are contractually required to promote our services on an exclusive basis. We generally compensate our partners for their consumer referrals on a submitted health insurance application basis. If a partner is a licensed agent, we may share a percentage of the revenue we earn from the carrier for each member referred by that partner.
Public Relations. We manage a broad and comprehensive public relations program that generates awareness and credibility among uninsured and insured individuals, families and small businesses nationwide. We have received national coverage in publications such as Business Week, CBS MarketWatch, Forbes, Kiplingers Personal Finance and Time, as well as numerous daily newspapers including The New York Times, USA Today and The Wall Street Journal. We have also received coverage on local and national TV and radio in major U.S. cities. Beginning in 2002, we have published several reports each year, including The Cost and Benefits of Individual Health Insurance Plans, Trends in Health Savings Accounts and The Most Affordable Cities for Health Insurance.
Government Relations. We serve as a trusted source of unbiased information about health insurance to government officials and policy makers. Our executives have met with members of Congress and their staffs, with the White House and with other federal agencies. For example, our executives have testified before Congress to support initiatives for the affordability and accessibility of health insurance. In addition, we were the only health insurance industry company asked to speak at the White House Economic Conference in December 2004. We have also taken an active role in the debate over new health insurance legislation in Washington, D.C., including Health Savings Account legislation. Some examples of legislation on which we are currently working with members of Congress include bills that would provide a tax credit for health insurance premiums, a tax credit for small business Health Savings Accounts and tax deductibility for individuals that buy health insurance coverage. We promote laws that make health insurance accessible and affordable.
Technology
Since our inception in 1997, we have invested significant financial and human resources in building a unique and scalable, proprietary ecommerce platform. We were the first to bring to consumers several technologies that have streamlined the complex and traditionally paper-intensive health insurance sales process. These technologies include:
Universal Quoting Engine. Our proprietary quoting engine aggregates and unifies health insurance policy quotes from a large number of health insurance carriers. Because each carriers quoting algorithm is unique and there is no industry standard algorithm among carriers, we utilize our proprietary rate entry and management tools and datagate system to unify the rates for each carriers health insurance plans. This technology allows for rapid implementation of quoting services and direct comparison of different plans.
Plan Comparison and Selection Tools. We offer online comparison and recommendation tools that distill voluminous health insurance information and enable consumers to select health insurance plans that best meet their particular needs. Our compare-and-choose functionality for which a related patent application has been filed
59
presents benefit information in an easy-to-understand format and highlights certain plans based on various criteria. We also provide consumers with a recommendation tool for which a related patent application has been filed that dynamically interacts with the consumer and presents an unbiased list of recommended plans.
Application Designer Tool and Runtime Engine. Health insurance applications vary widely by carrier and state. Our proprietary graphical application designer tool allows us to capture each applications unique business rules and build a corresponding online application in XML format that can be instantly deployed to our website. Our XML-based application runtime engine is the underlying infrastructure of our online application process. Based on the metadata created through the application designer tool, the runtime engine dynamically generates carrier-specific online pages and screen flow controls, and checks and enforces business rules and application underwriting logic.
Online Application Process. Our online applications substantially streamline the traditional, paper-intensive health insurance application process. Because each carrier and each plan require different information, our online applications are dynamic and request only the information required in the particular circumstance. Our system also checks each answer to each question and immediately notifies the applicant of any missing information. This real-time process prevents reworks from the health insurance carrier, a serious problem in the paper-intensive insurance process where weeks are lost as incomplete applications are mailed back and forth between carriers, agents and applicants. Approximately 80% of our individual, family and short-term applications in 2005 were submitted online with no communication with a sales representative in our customer care center.
Electronic Processing Interchange. We have developed an Electronic Processing Interchange (EPI) technology for which a related patent application has been filed to simplify the enrollment process and better integrate our technology systems with those of the health insurance carriers whose plans we offer. To implement EPI, we build and host a proprietary extranet that supports both real-time and batch interfaces for carriers. EPI enables carriers to search, retrieve, print, download and update consumers health insurance applications. Carriers can upload enrollment files in XML format through our extranet. EPI also utilizes XML delivery of status files from health insurance carrier systems to ours, allowing us to monitor and track the status and progress of each application. We then provide this real-time information to our consumers through their private accounts on our website as well as through automatically generated emails.
Our EPI technology leverages eSign and ePayment to enable consumers to complete the entire health insurance purchasing process online. We take advantage of the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act of 2000 by permitting applicants to apply for health insurance without the need to print, physically sign and mail the application. We believe that we were the first to apply eSign and ePayment to the distribution of health insurance. More than 50% of our individual, family and short-term applications in 2005 were completed using our electronic payment and signature technology.
Through EPI, we also offer consumers the opportunity to obtain coverage instantly from one carrier without any underwriting delay. With instant membership, at the end of the online application process, we send the application file to the carrier and receive an approval number that we automatically relay to the applicant. Applicants who apply using instant membership can be immediately approved by a carrier and enjoy health insurance coverage the next day.
As of December 31, 2005, approximately 85% of the individual and family plan carriers represented on our website had implemented all or a portion of our EPI technology, and in 2005 approximately 68% of the consumers applying for individual and family health insurance products applied using our EPI technology when we made it available.
Application Archival. Our online sales process necessitates the collection of online application data and translation of this data without modification to a fixed version of the application. Each time an online application
60
is submitted on our website, our proprietary archival system collects and merges the application data with a PDF template. The system then creates, encrypts and securely stores the resulting application form. This process ensures that the application generated, stored and reviewed by the consumer at the time of submission is secure and unchangeable.
Datagate for Electronic Interchange. Our proprietary datagate system facilitates electronic data interchange with our carrier partners. The types of data transferred include applications, rates and benefits, underwriting statuses and membership information. Our system supports many different methods of communication that are implemented based on the partners capabilities and preferences, including HTTPS, web services and FTP.
Back Office Systems. Our proprietary back office customer relationship management system enables us to provide a full range of customer service tasks in an efficient, highly scalable and personalized manner. Using these tools, we can track each consumer throughout the application process, obtain real-time updates from the carrier, generate automated emails specific to each consumer and access a cross-sell engine and dashboard to identify and track cross-sell opportunities. Our auto-email system is feature-rich with HTML capability, customizable merge tags, granular segmentation and tracking capability.
Partner Tools. We support our marketing partners with different customization features. Our partner registration and management tool quickly configures partner portals with various customization options, including branding, email capture, product offering and customized content such as articles and links. We also support partner reporting extranets that provide partners with up-to-date information on the performance of their portals, resources for online marketing and search optimization and the ability to generate customized reports.
Modular Architecture and Deployment Process. Our system is comprised of four major areas: front office, back office, datagate and various services. Each area is deployed independently into different hosting servers to ensure maximum availability. We release our software periodically (typically weekly) using a vigorous release process that integrates scheduled changes from multiple development code branches into several testing and staging environments. We have developed various deployment tools and regression testing scripts to ensure the quality of our releases.
Security. We seek to offer our website visitors, members and insurance carrier partners industry-leading levels of reliability and security. Our ecommerce platform has been designed to handle large and expanding volumes of visitor traffic, health insurance quote requests and health insurance applications. We believe the facilities supporting this platform have ample bandwidth capacity and power and backbone redundancy to support the current and anticipated near-term growth of our business. We rely in part on third-party vendors, including data center and bandwidth providers, to support our ecommerce platform. We use third-party encryption technology to facilitate the secure transmittal of confidential information. Additionally, we incorporate a multi-level firewall infrastructure to help prevent unauthorized access to our systems and data, and have implemented intrusion detection systems.
Technology and Content
We have a large and experienced technology and content team consisting of 119 full-time employees as of March 31, 2006 located in our Mountain View and Gold River locations, as well as our technology center in Xiamen, China. We also operate a separate technology center with Xiamen University where researchers from the University work with us on various ecommerce research projects. We spent $6.6 million, $7.5 million, $8.1 million and $2.3 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005 and in the three months ended March 31, 2006 to fund our technology and content activities during those periods. Ongoing enhancements to the features and functionality of our ecommerce platform are critical to maintain our technological leadership position in the industry. Our technology and content team was responsible for the initial development of our ecommerce platform and website user interface as well as the creation of the features and functionality we offer to consumers. These features include our EPI, online rate quoting engine, plan comparison tool and instant membership technology.
61
Current initiatives include development of technology that collects and analyzes consumer behavior and, based on this data, dynamically modifies the consumers online experience. We are also seeking to extend our real-time underwriting and instant membership technology to more carriers and to develop new tools that further improve our platforms ability to dynamically search for plans and benefits.
Government Regulation and Compliance
Government Regulation. We distribute health insurance products in all 50 states and in the District of Columbia through agency licenses held by us as is required by each states insurance department (in the case of the state of Florida, we conduct insurance business under the individual license of one of our employees, as required by Florida law). The health insurance industry is heavily regulated. Each state and the District of Columbia has its own rules and regulations pertaining to the offer and sale of health insurance products, typically administered by its Department of Insurance. State insurance departments have broad administrative powers relating to, among other things:
| regulating premium prices; |
| granting and revoking licenses to transact insurance business; |
| approving individuals and entities to which commissions can be paid; |
| regulating advertising, marketing and trade practices; |
| monitoring broker and agent conduct; and |
| imposing continuing education requirements. |
We are required to maintain valid life and/or health agency and/or agent licenses in each jurisdiction in which we transact health insurance business. As of December 31, 2005, we and our employees held a total of over 1,000 agency and individual agent licenses in the 50 states and in the District of Columbia. We have a dedicated licensing group that is responsible for maintaining these licenses and serving as an accredited continuing education provider for our licensed employees. We monitor the regulatory compliance of our sales, marketing and advertising practices and the related activities of our employees.
We have also received a non-business-transacting (Bei An) Internet Content Provider (ICP) registration from the Ministry of Information Industry in China and a business-ancillary (Jian Ye) insurance agency license from the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC). At this time, we do not have a definitive plan as to when or whether we will market and sell insurance online in China.
Carrier Requirements. We are required to be appointed by a carrier in order to transact business on the carriers behalf, typically through an agency contract. As of March 31, 2006, we had relationships with over 140 carriers. Our licensing group is responsible for maintaining our appointments with these carriers.
Privacy and Privacy Laws. We are subject to state and federal laws and regulations that require us to maintain the privacy of personal information that we collect from consumers. Because consumers place a high priority on our ability to maintain the privacy, security and integrity of personal information they provide to us, we had our information privacy practices certified by an independent, non-profit organization dedicated to promoting Internet information privacy. We have also engaged a private risk management organization to assess the effectiveness of our internal security, information and technology controls relating to the electronic submission of health insurance applications through our platform. We have also appointed a privacy officer to monitor our compliance with federal and state laws related to privacy, including the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Acts and the Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Acts privacy and security rules.
62
Intellectual Property
We rely on a combination of trademark, copyright and trade secret laws in the United States and other jurisdictions as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary technology and our brand. We also have filed patent applications that relate to certain of our technology and business processes.
Trademarks. Our four registered trademarks in the U.S. are eHealth, eHealthInsurance.com, eHealthSystems and Online Anytime. Our eHealth and eHealthInsurance.com marks have reached incontestability status with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, which means the marks have been in use for over five years and, with certain limited exceptions, no third party can contest the validity of the marks or our ownership of them. While we have not yet had to resort to litigation, we have successfully enforced our rights against cybersquatters (entities using our marks in their domain names) and typosquatters (entities using misspellings of our trademarks in their domain names). In response to our cease and desist letters, cybersquatters and typosquatters have generally assigned the domain names to us.
Patent Applications. Our published patent application and other pending patent applications relate to the technology and business processes underlying our core product offerings such as EPI, Fast Quote, Recommendation Tool, Compare and Choose functionality and Application Designer Tool and Runtime Engine. Our EPI system streamlines the enrollment process by seamlessly integrating our technology systems with those of the health insurance carriers whose plans we offer. The patent application relating to the EPI system was published May 1, 2003.
Our Fast Quote system simplifies the search for health insurance quotes on the Internet. Using Fast Quote, a potential consumer, who has already provided a minimum of personal data (i.e., birth date, gender, zip code and tobacco use) on a website other than ours, can merely click on a link on that website and immediately be transferred to our Quote Page. This page is prepopulated with the consumers information, enabling the consumer to quickly review, compare and apply for a health plan. The patent application relating to the Fast Quote system was filed on April 12, 2005.
Our Recommendation Tool provides guidance as to which product will best suit a consumers needs. This tool dynamically interacts with the consumer, asking a series of questions, each subsequent question based on the consumers previous answer, and filters out all of the available health plans until it can present an unbiased recommendation of one to four health insurance plans. The patent application relating to the Recommendation Tool was filed on June 27, 2005.
Our Compare and Choose functionality presents voluminous health insurance information in an easy-to-understand format and helps consumers choose between numerous available plans. For example, it provides mouse-over icons that identify and explain the key benefits in each plan. It also recommends plans to users by identifying sponsored plans (plans for which our carriers pay us to feature on our website), best sellers (top selling insurance plans in the consumers state for certain categories of applicants), top 25 plans (plans we choose to highlight) and featured plans (plans that are new or plans that have been identified in a previous period as best sellers). The patent application relating to the Compare and Choose system was filed on November 1, 2005.
Our Application Designer Tool allows us to capture each applications unique business rules and build a corresponding online application in XML format that can be instantly deployed to our website. A patent application related to the Application Designer Tool was filed on April 24, 2006.
Our XML-based application runtime engine is the underlying infrastructure of our online application process. Based on the metadata created through the Application Designer Tool, the Runtime Engine dynamically generates carrier-specific online pages and screen flow controls, and checks and enforces business rules and application underwriting logic. A patent application related to the Application Designer Tool was filed on April 24, 2006.
63
Copyrights. Our website is a registered copyright in the United States. In China, we have registered computer software copyrights for an internally developed software system and for a project management tool.
We also incorporate a number of third-party software products into our application server pursuant to relevant licenses. Some of this software is proprietary and some is open source. We use third-party software to, among other things, enhance our XML architecture, generate PDF versions of health insurance applications and improve our graphical layout. These functions are peripheral in nature, we are not substantially dependent upon these third-party software licenses and we believe the licensed software is generally replaceable, by either licensing or purchasing similar software from another vendor or building the software function ourselves.
Competition
The market for selling insurance products is highly competitive and the sale of health insurance over the Internet is new and rapidly evolving. We compete with individuals and entities that offer and sell health insurance products utilizing traditional distribution channels, as well as the Internet. Our current or potential competitors include:
Traditional local insurance agents. There are tens of thousands of local insurance agents across the United States who sell health insurance products in their communities. We believe that the vast majority of these local agents offer health insurance without significantly utilizing the Internet or technology other than simple desktop applications such as word processing and spreadsheet programs. Some traditional insurance agents, however, utilize general agents that offer online quoting services and other tools to obtain quotes from multiple carriers and prepare electronic benefit proposals to share with their potential customers. These general agents typically offer their services only for the small and mid-sized group markets (not the individual and family markets) and operate in only one or a few states. Additionally, some local agents use the Internet to acquire new consumer referrals from companies that have expertise in Internet marketing. These lead aggregator companies utilize keyword search, primarily paid keyword search listings on Google, MSN and Yahoo! and other forms of Internet advertising, to drive Internet traffic to the lead aggregators website. The lead aggregator then collects and sells consumer information to health insurance agents and, to a lesser extent, to health insurance carriers, both of whom endeavor to close the referrals through traditional offline sales methods.
Health insurance carriers direct-to-member sales. Some health insurance carriers directly market and sell their plans to consumers through call centers and their own websites. Although we offer health insurance plans for many of these carriers, they also compete with us by offering their products directly to consumers. Most of these carriers have superior brand recognition, extensive marketing budgets and significant financial resources to influence consumer preferences for searching and buying health insurance online. In addition, some carriers, which we choose not to represent, offer non-comprehensive health insurance at lower rates than the comprehensive major medical health insurance that we generally offer. The carriers we choose to represent, however, do not have a competitive price advantage over us. Because individual and family plan health insurance prices are regulated in all U.S. jurisdictions, a consumer is entitled to pay the same price for a particular plan, whether the consumer purchased the plan directly from one of our carrier partners or from us. Additionally, we have entered into marketing partnerships with some of our carrier partners, such as Aetna and UnitedHealthcare, and these carriers refer consumers to us from states they do not service.
Online agents. There are a number of agents that operate websites and provide a limited online shopping experience for consumers interested in purchasing health insurance (e.g., online quoting of health insurance product prices). Most of these online agents operate in only one or very few states, and some represent only one or a limited number of health insurance carriers. Some online agents also sell non-health insurance products such as auto insurance, life insurance and home insurance. We are the leading online source of health insurance products to individuals, families and small businesses and the only online source that is nationwide. We believe our ecommerce platform provides individuals, families and small businesses with the most comprehensive choice of affordable health insurance products. Additionally, we have entered into marketing partnerships with some online agencies and these agents refer consumers to us from states they do not service.
64
National insurance brokers. Although insurance brokers such as Aon Insurance Services, Arthur J. Gallagher & Co., Marsh, Inc. and Willis Group Limited have traditionally not focused on the individual, family and small business market, they may enter our markets and could compete with us. These large agencies have existing relationships with many of our carrier partners, are licensed nationwide and have large customer bases and significant financial, technical and marketing resources to compete in our markets. Some of these large agencies and financial services companies, such as Aon, Arthur J. Gallagher and Willis, have partnered with us in order to offer our services to their customer and member bases.
We believe the principal factors that determine our competitive advantage in the online distribution of health insurance include the following:
| health insurance plan selection; |
| quality of website content and website tools; |
| strength of carrier relationships and depth of technology integration with carriers; |
| high-quality, unbiased customer service; |
| brand awareness and reputation; |
| strength of marketing partnerships; and |
| proven capabilities measured in years of delivering sales and creating and using reliable technology. |
The price of a particular health insurance policy is not a competitive factor because a consumer is entitled to pay the same price for a particular individual and family plan, whether the consumer purchased the plan directly from a carrier, from us or from another agent.
Facilities
Our headquarters are located in Mountain View, California and we operate a customer care center in Gold River, California. Our wholly-owned subsidiary eHealth China, Inc. maintains an office in Xiamen, China. All of our facilities are leased. We may require additional space as our business expands.
Employees
As of March 31, 2006, we had 310 employees. None of our employees is represented by a labor union. We have not experienced any work stoppages and consider our employee relations to be good.
Legal Proceedings
We are not a party to any material legal proceedings. However, we may become involved in litigation from time to time in the ordinary course of our business.
65
Executive Officers, Directors and Key Employees
The following table sets forth our executive officers, directors and key employees and their ages and the positions they held as of May 30, 2006.
Name |
Age | Position | ||
Executive Officers: |
||||
Gary L. Lauer |
53 | Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Robert L. Fahlman |
48 | Senior Vice President, Carrier Relations and Chief Operating Officer | ||
Stuart M. Huizinga |
44 | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
Bruce A. Telkamp |
38 | Senior Vice President, Business Development, General Counsel and Secretary | ||
Dr. Sheldon X. Wang |
46 | Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer | ||
Other Directors: |
||||
Michael D. Goldberg |
48 | Director | ||
Joseph S. Lacob |
50 | Director | ||
Kathleen D. LaPorte |
44 | Director | ||
Jack L. Oliver III |
37 | Director | ||
Sheryl Sandberg |
36 | Director | ||
Christopher J. Schaepe |
42 | Director | ||
Key Employees: |
||||
Sam C. Gibbs |
48 | Senior Vice President and General Manager of Small Business | ||
Robert S. Hurley |
46 | Vice President, Strategic Initiatives |
Gary L. Lauer. Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive Officer. Gary Lauer has served as our president and chief executive officer since December 1999, and as chairman of our board of directors since March 2002. Prior to joining us, Mr. Lauer was the chairman and chief executive officer of MetaCreations Corporation. Prior to MetaCreations, Mr. Lauer spent more than nine years at Silicon Graphics, Inc., a computing technology company, where he was a member of the senior executive team. Mr. Lauer started his career at IBM in sales and marketing management. Mr. Lauer holds a B.S. degree in finance and marketing from the University of Southern California Business School.
Robert L. Fahlman. Senior Vice President, Carrier Relations and Chief Operating Officer. Robert Fahlman has served as our senior vice president, carrier relations and chief operating officer since March 2000. Mr. Fahlman previously served as chief executive officer of Omni Health Care, a California health plan and health insurance company, and vice president of field operations at Healtheon Corporation, a healthcare Internet company now known as WebMD. Mr. Fahlman also previously served as a vice president at FHP and senior vice president at TakeCare Health Plan, two California managed healthcare plans. Mr. Fahlman holds a B.S. degree in business administration from Portland State University.
Stuart M. Huizinga. Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Stuart Huizinga has served as our senior vice president and chief financial officer since May 2000. Previously, Mr. Huizinga was a partner at Arthur Andersen LLP, an accounting firm. Mr. Huizinga holds a B.S. degree in business administration from San Jose State University and is a Certified Public Accountant in the state of California.
Bruce A. Telkamp. Senior Vice President, Business Development, General Counsel and Secretary. Bruce Telkamp has served as our senior vice president, business development since February 2004 and as our general counsel and secretary since May 2000. Previously, Mr. Telkamp was the vice president of business development and general counsel of MetaCreations Corporation. Prior to MetaCreations, Mr. Telkamp was an attorney with
66
the law firm of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati in Palo Alto, California. Mr. Telkamp holds a B.A. degree in economics with honors from the University of California, Los Angeles and a J.D. degree with honors from the University of California, Hastings.
Dr. Sheldon X. Wang. Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer. Dr. Sheldon Wang has served as our senior vice president and chief technology officer since August 1999. Previously, Dr. Wang was senior vice president of research and development at Eclipsys Corporation, formerly known as HealthVISION, a provider of integrated healthcare enterprise information-technology solutions. Dr. Wang holds a B.S. degree in physics from the Fuzhou University of China, an M.S. degree in physics from Idaho State University and a Ph.D. in medical informatics from the University of Utah.
Michael D. Goldberg. Director. Michael Goldberg has served as a director since June 1999. In January 2005, Mr. Goldberg joined Mohr Davidow Ventures, a venture capital firm, as a general partner. From October 2000 to December 2004, Mr. Goldberg served as a managing director of Jasper Capital, a management and financial consultancy business. In 1995, Mr. Goldberg founded OnCare, Inc., an oncology practice management company, and served as its chairman until August 2001 and as its chief executive officer until March 1999. Mr. Goldberg previously served as president and chief executive officer of Axion, Inc., a cancer-focused healthcare service company, and as a partner at Sevin Rosen Funds, a venture capital firm. Mr. Goldberg serves on the board of directors of Genomic Health, Inc. Mr. Goldberg holds a B.A. in philosophy from Brandeis University and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Joseph S. Lacob. Director. Joseph Lacob has served as a director since April 1999. Since 1987, Mr. Lacob has been a partner at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, a venture capital firm. Mr. Lacob serves on the board of directors of Align Technology, Inc. Mr. Lacob holds a B.S. in biological sciences from the University of California, Irvine, a Masters in Public Health from the University of California, Los Angeles and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Kathleen D. LaPorte. Director. Kathleen LaPorte has served as a director since December 2000. Ms. LaPorte has been a founding managing director of New Leaf Venture Partners, LLC since July 2005. From 1994 to July 2005, Ms. LaPorte was a general partner of the Sprout Group, a venture capital firm. Ms. LaPorte serves on the boards of directors of VNUS Medical, Adeza Biomedical and ISTA Pharmaceuticals. Ms. LaPorte holds a B.S. from Yale University and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Jack L. Oliver, III. Director. Jack Oliver has served as a director since December 2005. Since March 2005, Mr. Oliver has acted as chairman of Bryan Cave Strategies LLC, a government relations subsidiary of Bryan Cave LLP. Since August 2005, Mr. Oliver has been a senior advisor for Lehman Brothers with a focus on Lehman Brothers global client relationship management and private management businesses. Prior to his work at Bryan Cave Strategies, Mr. Oliver served on various political campaigns including those for the candidacies of Senator Jack Danforth, Senator Kit Bond, Senator John Ashcroft and Congressman Jim Talent. He is also a former deputy chairman of the Republican National Committee and was national finance director for President George Walker Bushs presidential campaign. Mr. Oliver holds a B.A. degree in political science and communications from Vanderbilt University and a J.D. from the University of Missouri School of Law.
Sheryl Sandberg. Director. Sheryl Sandberg has served as a director since May 2006. Ms. Sandberg has been the vice president of global online sales and operations of Google Inc. since 2001. Ms. Sandberg also serves on the board of the Google Foundation/Google.org and directs the Google Grants program. Prior to joining Google, Ms. Sandberg was the chief of staff for the United States Treasury Department. Ms. Sandberg also previously served as a management consultant with McKinsey & Company and an economist with The World Bank. Ms. Sandberg holds a B.A. in economics from Harvard University and an M.B.A. from the Harvard Business School.
Christopher J. Schaepe. Director. Christopher Schaepe has served as a director since April 1999. Mr. Schaepe is a founding partner of Lightspeed Venture Partners, an early-stage technology venture capital
67
firm, and has served as a general partner at Lightspeed since 2000. Previously, Mr. Schaepe was a general partner at Weiss, Peck & Greer Venture Partners, which he joined in 1991. Mr. Schaepe also previously served in corporate finance and capital markets roles at Goldman Sachs & Co. after working as a software engineer at IBM. Mr. Schaepe holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in computer science and electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an M.B.A from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Sam C. Gibbs. Senior Vice President and General Manager of Small Business. Sam Gibbs has served as our senior vice president since September 2000. Since November 2004, Mr. Gibbs has served as general manager of our small business products and services business. Mr. Gibbs previously served as the general manager of our technology licensing business from December 2001 to November 2004 and as general manager of product management from September 2000 to December 2001. Mr. Gibbs previously was a vice president and general manager for Rand, an engineering services company. Mr. Gibbs was a founder, president and chief executive officer of AVCOM Systems, Inc., an engineering services and systems integration company, which was acquired by Rand Worldwide. Mr. Gibbs holds a B.S. degree in aeronautical engineering technology from Arizona State University.
Robert S. Hurley. Vice President of Strategic Initiatives. Robert Hurley has served as our vice president since April 1999. Since October 2003, Mr. Hurley has been responsible for our public and government relations efforts and has been instrumental in the Health Savings Account-related aspects of our business. From April 1999 to September 2003, Mr. Hurley was responsible for our sales and sales support functions. Mr. Hurley served as an associate vice president of sales and operations for the consumer business segment at Health Net, Inc., a managed healthcare company, and in various leadership roles at Foundation Health, a California health plan. Mr. Hurley holds a B.A. degree in law and society from the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Board of Directors
Our board of directors is currently composed of seven members, including six non-employee members and our current chairman, president and chief executive officer Mr. Lauer. Upon completion of this offering, our certificate of incorporation will provide for a classified board of directors consisting of three classes of directors, each serving staggered three-year terms. As a result, a portion of our board of directors will be elected each year. To implement the classified structure, two members of our board of directors have been appointed to one-year terms, three have been appointed to two-year terms and two have been appointed to three-year terms. Thereafter, directors will be elected for three-year terms. Our Class I directors, whose terms will expire at the 2007 annual meeting of stockholders, are Mr. Goldberg and Ms. LaPorte. Our Class II directors, whose terms will expire at the 2008 annual meeting of stockholders, are Ms. Sandberg and Messrs. Lacob and Schaepe. Our Class III directors, whose terms will expire at the 2009 annual meeting of stockholders, are Messrs. Lauer and Oliver.
Pursuant to a voting agreement originally entered into in April 1999 and most recently amended in May 2005 between us and certain of our stockholders, Ms. LaPorte and Messrs. Lacob, Lauer and Schaepe were each elected to serve as members of our board of directors. The voting agreement and all rights thereunder will automatically terminate upon completion of this offering, and members previously elected to our board of directors pursuant to the voting agreement will continue to serve as directors until their successors are duly elected by holders of our common stock or until their earlier resignation or removal.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our board of directors currently has three committees: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee.
Audit Committee. The members of our audit committee are Messrs. Goldberg and Schaepe. Mr. Goldberg is the chairperson of the audit committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of our audit
68
committee meets the requirements for independence under the requirements of the Nasdaq National Market and the Securities and Exchange Commission. At least one member of our audit committee must be an audit committee financial expert as defined in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules. In order to comply with this requirement, we intend, prior to the closing of this offering, to add to the audit committee an independent director who is qualified to be an audit committee financial expert.
Among other duties, our audit committee:
| appoints a firm to serve as independent accountant to audit our financial statements; |
| discusses the scope and results of the audit with the independent accountant and reviews with management and the independent accountant our interim and year-end operating results; |
| considers the adequacy of our internal accounting controls and audit procedures; |
| approves (or, as permitted, pre-approves) all audit and non-audit services to be performed by the independent accountant; and |
| issues the report that the SEC requires in our annual proxy statement. |
The audit committee has the sole and direct responsibility for appointing, evaluating and retaining our independent auditors and for overseeing their work. All audit services and all non-audit services, other than de minimis non-audit services, to be provided to us by our independent auditors must be approved in advance by our audit committee.
Compensation Committee. The members of our compensation committee are Mr. Goldberg and Ms. LaPorte. Mr. Goldberg is the chairperson of the compensation committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of our compensation committee meets the applicable requirements for independence under the current requirements of the Nasdaq National Market. The purpose of our compensation committee is to assist our board of directors in determining the compensation of our executive officers and directors.
Among other duties, our compensation committee:
| reviews and recommends approval of the compensation of our executive officers and directors; |
| administers our stock incentive plans; |
| reviews and makes recommendations to our board with respect to incentive compensation and equity plans; and |
| issues any report that the Securities and Exchange Commission requires the compensation committee to include in our annual proxy statement. |
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The members of our nominating and corporate governance committee are Messrs. Schaepe and Oliver. Mr. Schaepe is the chairperson of the nominating and corporate governance committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of our nominating and corporate governance committee meets the applicable requirements for independence under the current requirements of the Nasdaq National Market.
Among other duties, our nominating and corporate governance committee:
| identifies, evaluates and recommends nominees to our board of directors and committees of our board of directors; |
| conducts searches for appropriate directors and evaluates the performance of our board of directors and of individual directors; and |
| reviews developments in corporate governance practices and makes recommendations to the board concerning corporate governance matters. |
Director Compensation
Certain of our non-employee directors have received options to purchase shares of our common stock under our 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan in connection with their service as members of our board of directors. In
69
June 1999, we granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.25 per share to Mr. Goldberg. In September 2003, we granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share to Mr. Goldberg. In December 2005, we granted an option to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock to Mr. Oliver at an exercise price of $4.40 per share. In May 2006, we granted an option to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock to Ms. Sandberg at an exercise price of $6.45 per share. These options vest over four years at a rate of 25% after one year and 1/48th per month thereafter, so long as the holder continues to serve as a director.
Effective upon the closing of this offering, our non-employee directors will receive $12,000 annually and $2,500 per meeting and will be entitled to reimbursement of business, travel and other related expenses incurred in connection with their attendance at meetings of the board of directors and committee meetings. The chairperson of our audit committee will receive $10,000 annually, paid in quarterly installments, and the chairperson of our compensation committee and our nominating and corporate governance committee will each receive $3,000 annually. In addition, our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan provides for the automatic grant of options to our non-employee directors. See Equity Benefit Plans2006 Equity Incentive PlanAutomatic Option Grant Program.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of us. None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors or compensation committee.
Executive Compensation
The following table provides information regarding the compensation of our chief executive officer and the four other most highly compensated executive officers during 2005. We refer to these individuals elsewhere in this prospectus as our named executive officers.
Summary Compensation Table
Name and Principal Position |
Annual Compensation |
Long-Term Compensation Awards |
All Other Compensation ($) |
|||||||||
Salary ($) | Bonus ($) | Securities Underlying Options |
||||||||||
Gary L. Lauer Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive Officer |
$ | 298,077 | $ | 150,000 | 200,000 | $ | 97,429 | (1) | ||||
Robert L. Fahlman Senior Vice President, Carrier Relations and Chief Operating Officer |
199,038 | 100,000 | 175,000 | | ||||||||
Stuart M. Huizinga Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
190,000 | 50,000 | 50,000 | | ||||||||
Bruce A. Telkamp Senior Vice President, Business Development, General Counsel and Secretary |
185,000 | 92,500 | 175,000 | | ||||||||
Dr. Sheldon X. Wang Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer |
220,000 | 110,000 | 200,000 | 33,407 | (2) |
(1) | Consists of $23,525 for apartment rental, $8,380 for car lease, $20,940 for airfare and $44,584 for payment of taxes associated with these benefits. |
(2) | Consists of $18,120 for apartment rental and $15,287 for payment of taxes associated with this benefit. |
70
Option Grants in Last Fiscal Year
The following table provides information regarding stock options granted during 2005 to each of our named executive officers. The figures representing percentages of total options granted to employees in 2005 are based on a total of 2,240,300 shares of common stock subject to options granted to our employees during 2005.
The exercise price of each option granted was equal to the fair value of our common stock as valued by our board of directors on the date of grant. The shares subject to each option listed in the table generally vest as follows: upon the completion of 12 months of service, 25% of the shares become vested and, upon the completion of each of the next 36 months of service, 1/48th of the shares become vested. Options may vest on an accelerated basis as described below in ManagementSeverance and Change in Control Arrangements.
The potential realizable value is calculated based on the ten-year term of the option at the time of grant. Stock price appreciation of 5% and 10% is assumed according to rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission and does not represent our estimate or prediction of our stock price performance. The potential realizable value at 5% and 10% appreciation is calculated by assuming that an initial offering price of $ appreciates at the indicated rate for the entire term of the option and that the option is exercised at the exercise price and sold on the last day of its term at the appreciated price.
Individual Grants | Potential Realizable Value at Assumed Annual Rates of Stock Price Appreciation for Option Term | |||||||||||||
Number of Securities Underlying Options Granted |
Percent of Total Options Granted To Employees |
Exercise Price |
Expiration | |||||||||||
Name |
(#) | In fiscal Year | ($/Sh) | Date | 5% ($) | 10% ($) | ||||||||
Gary L. Lauer |
200,000 | 8.9 | % | $ | 4.40 | 12/14/2015 | ||||||||
Robert L. Fahlman |
175,000 | 7.8 | % | 4.40 | 12/14/2015 | |||||||||
Stuart M. Huizinga |
50,000 | 2.2 | % | 4.40 | 12/14/2015 | |||||||||
Bruce A. Telkamp |
175,000 | 7.8 | % | 4.40 | 12/14/2015 | |||||||||
Dr. Sheldon X. Wang |
200,000 | 8.9 | % | 4.40 | 12/14/2015 |
2005 Stock Option Values
The following table provides information concerning the number of unexercised stock options held as of December 31, 2005, by each of our named executive officers. No stock options were exercised by our named executive officers in 2005. The value of unexercised in-the-money options at December 31, 2005 is based on an assumed initial offering price of $ per share, less the per share exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares subject to the stock options.
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options at December 31, 2005 |
Value of Unexercised In-the-Money Options at | |||||||
Name |
Vested | Unvested | Vested | Unvested | ||||
Gary L. Lauer |
3,100,000 | 700,000 | ||||||
Robert L. Fahlman |
443,604 | 223,438 | ||||||
Stuart M. Huizinga |
549,166 | 70,834 | ||||||
Bruce A. Telkamp |
460,416 | 214,584 | ||||||
Dr. Sheldon X. Wang |
710,416 | 239,584 |
All options granted to our named executive officers were granted under our 1998 Stock Plan or 2005 Stock Plan. Stock options granted under these plans generally are immediately exercisable. All shares subject to stock options that are exercised early are subject to repurchase by us at the original exercise price. This repurchase right lapses over time pursuant to the vesting schedule of the stock option, which requires that the optionee continue to be a service provider to us.
71
Employment Agreements and Change of Control Arrangements
We entered into an offer letter in November 1999 with Mr. Lauer, chairman of our board of directors and our president and chief executive officer, which provides that, if we terminate Mr. Lauer without cause, he receives the following severance benefits for a 12-month period following his employment termination: (a) payment of his monthly base salary; (b) payment of his monthly COBRA health insurance premiums; and (c) a cash payment equal to any contributions made by us for any employee benefits (other than health benefits) that he was receiving before termination. In the case of an option granted to Mr. Lauer in May 2003, upon a change in control, Mr. Lauer immediately becomes vested in 50% of the remaining unvested shares subject to the option. If Mr. Lauer is terminated without cause following the change in control, he becomes vested in any remaining unvested shares subject to this option grant, provided that he signs a general release of claims.
We entered into an offer letter in May 2000 with Mr. Huizinga, our senior vice president and chief financial officer, which provides that, if we terminate Mr. Huizinga without cause, he will receive his monthly base salary for a six-month period following his employment termination.
We entered into a letter agreement in August 2000 with Mr. Telkamp, our senior vice president, business development, general counsel and secretary, which provides that, if he is involuntarily terminated without cause, he will receive his monthly base salary for a six-month period following his employment termination and all bonuses to which he would have been entitled during that period. In addition, we agreed in the letter agreement that all future option grants made to Mr. Telkamp would become fully vested if Mr. Telkamp is involuntarily terminated within 12 months following a change in control. However, for all option grants received by Mr. Telkamp as of December 31, 2005, the vesting acceleration provision of the letter agreement was superseded by the applicable stock option agreements, such that none of the options currently held by Mr. Telkamp are subject to this vesting acceleration provision.
We entered into a letter agreement in August 2000 with Dr. Wang, our senior vice president and chief technology officer, which provides that if Dr. Wang is involuntarily terminated without cause, he will receive his monthly base salary and monthly health insurance benefits for a six-month period following his employment termination.
Our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan will become effective upon the effective date of the registration statement related to this offering. The board of directors or its compensation committee, as plan administrator of the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, has the authority to provide for accelerated vesting of the shares of common stock subject to outstanding options held by our named executive officers and any other person in connection with certain changes in our control.
Equity Benefit Plans
1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan
Our 1998 Stock Plan was adopted by our board of directors in October 1998 and approved by our stockholders in November 1998. Our 2005 Stock Plan was adopted by our board of directors and approved by our stockholders in June 2005. The provisions of the 1998 Stock Plan and the 2005 Stock Plan are substantially the same. We will not grant any additional awards under our 1998 Stock Plan or our 2005 Stock Plan following this offering. However, the options granted under the 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan that are outstanding after the effective date of this offering will continue to be governed by their existing terms.
Share Reserve. A total of 13,900,000 shares of our common stock are reserved for issuance under our 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan. As of March 31, 2006, options to purchase an aggregate of 10,618,761 shares of our common stock were outstanding under the 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan, no shares were available for future grant under our 1998 Stock Plan and 633,372 shares were available for grant under our 2005 Stock Plan. In the event that shares subject to options granted under our 1998 Stock Plan are canceled, forfeited
72
or repurchased by us, they become available for grant under the 2005 Stock Plan, subject to our discontinuing to make additional grants under the 2005 Stock Plan following this offering.
Administration. Prior to this offering, our board of directors administered the 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan. After this offering, our board of directors or our compensation committee will administer the 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan. The administrator has complete discretion to make all decisions relating to our 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan.
Eligibility. Employees, non-employee members of our board of directors and consultants are eligible to participate in our 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan.
Types of Awards. Our 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan provide for incentive and nonstatutory stock options to purchase shares of our common stock and awards of restricted shares of our common stock. The exercise price for incentive stock options and nonstatutory stock options granted under the 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan may not be less than 100% and 85%, respectively, of the fair value of our common stock on the option grant date. Optionees may pay the exercise price by using cash, shares of common stock that the optionee already owns, a full-recourse promissory note, an immediate sale of the option shares through a broker designated by us, or a loan from a broker designated by us, secured by the option shares. In most cases, our options vest over a four-year period following the date of grant and generally expire 10 years after they are granted, unless the optionee ceases service with us. Restricted shares may be awarded under the 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan in return for cash, a full-recourse promissory note, services already provided to us, and, in the case of treasury shares only, services to be provided to us in the future. Restricted shares vest at the times determined by our board of directors.
Change in Control. If we are merged or consolidated with another company, an option granted under the 1998 Stock Plan or 2005 Stock Plan will be subject to the terms of the merger or consolidation agreement, which may provide that the option continues, is assumed or substituted, or is canceled without payment of any consideration.
Amendments or Termination. Our board of directors may amend or terminate the 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan at any time. If our board of directors amends either of these plans, it does not need to seek stockholder approval of the amendment unless the number of shares reserved under the plans increases or the class of persons eligible for the grant of incentive stock options materially changes. The 1998 Stock Plan and 2005 Stock Plan will automatically terminate 10 years after each plans adoption by our board of directors.
2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China
Our 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China was adopted by our board of directors in November 2004 and approved by our stockholders in January 2005. No further awards will be made under our 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China after the effective date of this offering. The awards granted under the 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China that are outstanding after the effective date of this offering will continue to be governed by their existing terms.
Share Reserve. A total of 1,600,000 shares of our Class A nonvoting common stock are reserved for issuance under the 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China. As of March 31, 2006, 509,896 shares of Class A nonvoting common stock were outstanding under the 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China and 1,090,104 shares of Class A nonvoting common stock were available for grant. Each share of Class A nonvoting common stock will automatically be converted into one-eighth (0.125) of a share of our common stock as of the effective date of this offering.
Administration. Prior to this offering, our board of directors administered the 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China and after this offering, our board of directors or our compensation committee will administer the 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China. The administrator has complete discretion to make all decisions relating to the 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China.
73
Eligibility. Employees, non-employee members of the board of directors and consultants of us and certain of our subsidiaries, including our subsidiary in China, are eligible to participate in our 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China, although as of December 31, 2005, we had only granted awards under the 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China to employees of our subsidiary in China.
Types of Awards. Our 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China provides for incentive and nonstatutory stock options to purchase shares of our Class A nonvoting common stock and awards of restricted shares of our Class A nonvoting common stock. The exercise price for incentive stock options and nonstatutory stock options granted under the 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China may not be less than 100% and 85%, respectively, of the fair value of our common stock on the option grant date. Optionees may pay the exercise price by using cash, shares of Class A nonvoting common stock that the optionee already owns, a full-recourse promissory note, an immediate sale of the option shares through a broker designated by us, or a loan from a broker designated by us, secured by the option shares. To date, we have only awarded restricted shares to employees of eHealth China, which vest over a four-year period following the date of grant.
Amendments or Termination. Our board of directors may amend or terminate the 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China at any time. If our board of directors amends the plan, it does not need to seek stockholder approval of the amendment unless the number of shares reserved under the plan increases or the class of persons eligible for the grant of incentive stock options materially changes. The 2004 Stock Plan for eHealth China will automatically terminate 10 years after its adoption by our board of directors.
2006 Equity Incentive Plan
Our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan was adopted by our board of directors in April 2006 and approved by our stockholders in May 2006. The 2006 Equity Incentive Plan will become effective upon the effective date of the registration statement related to this offering.
Share Reserve. We have reserved 4,000,000 shares of our common stock for issuance under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. In general, if options or shares awarded under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan are forfeited or repurchased, those options or shares will again become available for grant or award under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. In addition, on January 1 of each year, starting in 2007, the number of shares reserved under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan will automatically increase by the lowest of (a) 3,000,000 shares, (b) 4% of the total number of shares of our common stock then outstanding or (c) a lower number determined by our board of directors or its compensation committee.
Administration. The board of directors or the compensation committee of our board of directors administers the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan. The administrator has the complete discretion to make all decisions relating to our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan.
Eligibility. Employees, non-employee members of our board of directors and consultants of our company and our subsidiaries are eligible to participate in our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan.
Types of Awards. Our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan provides for the following types of awards:
| incentive and nonstatutory stock options to purchase shares of our common stock; |
| stock appreciation rights; |
| restricted shares of our common stock; and |
| stock units. |
Vesting. Awards granted under our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan vest at the times determined by the administrator. In most cases, our awards will vest over a four-year period following the date of grant. Awards
74
generally expire 10 years after they are granted and generally expire earlier if the participants service terminates earlier.
Stock Options. The exercise price for all options granted under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan may not be less than 100% of the fair value of our common stock on the option grant date. A stock option agreement may provide that a new option will be granted automatically to an optionee when he or she exercises a prior option and pays the exercise price with shares of our common stock already owned by such optionee. Optionees may pay the exercise price by using cash, shares of common stock that the optionee already owns or an immediate sale of the option shares through a broker designated by us. No participant may receive stock options under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan covering more than 500,000 shares in one fiscal year, except that a newly hired employee may receive stock options covering up to 1,000,000 shares in the first year of employment.
Stock Appreciation Rights. A participant who exercises a stock appreciation right receives not more than the increase in value of our common stock over the base price. The base price for stock appreciation rights granted under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan will not be less than 100% of the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant. The settlement value of the stock appreciation right may be paid in cash or shares of common stock or a combination of both. No participant may receive stock appreciation rights under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan covering more than 500,000 shares in one fiscal year, except that a newly hired employee may receive awards covering up to 1,000,000 shares in the first year of employment.
Restricted Shares and Stock Units. Restricted shares and stock units vest at the times or upon satisfaction of the conditions determined by the administrator. No cash consideration is required of the award recipients. Settlement of vested stock units may be made in the form of cash, shares of common stock or a combination of both. No participant may receive restricted shares or stock units with performance-based vesting under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan covering more than 500,000 shares in any fiscal year.
Adjustments. If there is a subdivision of our outstanding shares of common stock, a dividend declared in stock or a combination or consolidation of our outstanding shares of common stock into a lesser number of shares, corresponding adjustments will be automatically made in each of the following: (a) the number of shares of common stock available for future awards under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan; (b) any limitation on the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be subject to awards in a fiscal year; (c) the number of shares of common stock covered by each outstanding option or stock appreciation right, as well as the exercise price under each such award; (d) the number of shares of common stock covered by the options to be granted under the automatic option grant program described below; and (e) the number of stock units included in any prior award that has not yet been settled.
Merger or Consolidation. If we are merged or consolidated with another company, an option or other award granted under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan will be subject to the terms of the merger or consolidation agreement, which shall provide for one or more of the following: that the option or award continues, is assumed or substituted; becomes fully vested and exercisable, followed by its cancellation; or is cancelled for a cash payment equal to the spread that exists on the closing date of the merger or consolidation. A stock unit may also be cancelled for a payment equal to the fair value of the shares of our common stock subject to the stock unit as of the closing date.
Automatic Option Grant Program. As part of the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, our board of directors approved a program of automatic option grants for non-employee directors on the terms specified below:
| Each non-employee director who first joins our board of directors on or after the effective date of this offering will receive an initial option for 50,000 shares of our common stock. The initial grant of this option will occur when the director takes office. A director who previously was employed by us is not eligible for this grant. |
| Each non-employee director will receive an option to purchase 12,500 shares of our common stock on the date of each annual stockholders meeting, starting in the year 2007. However, a new director will |
75
not receive the initial grant and an annual grant in the same calendar year. A non-employee director who previously was employed by eHealth is eligible for these grants. |
| Provided that the director continues in service with us, 25% of each option grant vests one year after the date of grant, and the balance vests in equal monthly installments over the following 36 months. |
| Options granted to non-employee directors under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan will become fully vested upon a change in control of us. |
| The exercise price of each non-employee directors option will be equal to the fair value of our common stock on the option grant date. To the extent permitted by applicable law, a director may pay the exercise price by using cash, shares of common stock that the director already owns or an immediate sale of the option shares through a broker designated by us. |
| The non-employee directors options have a 10-year term. However, they expire 12 months after the director leaves our board of directors due to death or disability or three months after the director leaves our board for any other reason. |
| The administrator may change the number of shares subject to the non-employee directors options, may change the terms of the options to be issued in the future and may grant different awards that have an equivalent value to the options described above, as determined by the administrator on the date of grant. |
Amendments or Termination. Our board of directors may amend or terminate the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan at any time. If the board of directors amends the plan, it does not need to seek stockholder approval of the amendment unless applicable law requires it. The 2006 Equity Incentive Plan will terminate on the tenth anniversary of its adoption date, unless our board of directors decides to terminate the plan earlier.
401(k) Retirement and Deferred Savings Plan
We maintain a retirement and deferred savings plan, which is intended to qualify under Sections 401(a) and 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This plan allows each participant to contribute up to 100% of his or her pre-tax compensation, up to a statutory limit, which is $15,000 (or $20,000 for employees over 50 years of age) in calendar year 2006. Under the plan, each participant is fully vested in his or her own contributions. In April 2006, we began matching 25% of each participants contribution each pay period, up to a maximum of 1% of the employees salary during that period. Our matching contributions vest one-third for each of the first three years of service. The plan also permits us to make discretionary profit-sharing contributions, but we have not made such contributions to date.
Limitation of Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors
Upon the closing of this offering, we will adopt and file a new certificate of incorporation and will amend and restate our bylaws. Our new certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, as it now exists or may in the future be amended, against all expenses and liabilities reasonably incurred in connection with their service for or on our behalf. Our bylaws provide that we shall advance the expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of an action or proceeding, and permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her action in that capacity, regardless of whether Delaware law would otherwise permit indemnification. In addition, the new certificate of incorporation provides that our directors will not be personally liable for monetary damages to us for breaches of their fiduciary duty as directors, unless they violated their duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders, acted in bad faith, knowingly or intentionally violated the law, authorized illegal dividends or redemptions or derived an improper personal benefit from their action as directors. We maintain liability insurance which insures our directors and officers against certain losses under certain circumstances.
76
In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and officers. These agreements provide for indemnification for related expenses including attorneys fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any of these individuals in any action or proceeding. At present, we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers, employees or agents in which indemnification would be required or permitted. We believe provisions in our new amended and restated certificate of incorporation and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.
The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against our directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and other stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholders investment may be adversely affected to the extent that we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers as required by these indemnification provisions. At present, we are not aware of any pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers or employees for which indemnification is sought, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification.
77
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
We describe below transactions and series of similar transactions, during our last three fiscal years, to which we were a party or will be a party, in which:
| The amounts involved exceeded or will exceed $60,000; and |
| A director, executive officer, holder of more than 5% of our common stock or any member of their immediate family had or will have a direct or indirect material interest. |
We also describe below certain other transactions with our directors, executive officers and stockholders.
Amended and Restated Investors Rights Agreement
We have granted registration rights to holders of our preferred stock pursuant to an investors rights agreement. See Description of Capital StockRegistration Rights.
Voting Agreement
Pursuant to a voting agreement originally entered into in April 1999 and most recently amended in May 2005 by and among us and certain of our stockholders, Joseph S. Lacob, Kathleen D. LaPorte, Gary L. Lauer and Christopher J. Schaepe were each elected to serve as members of our board of directors. Mr. Lauer was initially selected as representative of our common stock, Messrs. Lacob and Schaepe were initially selected as representatives of our Series A preferred stock, as designated by Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Lightspeed Venture Partners, respectively, and Ms. LaPorte was initially selected as representative of our Series C preferred stock, as designated by the Sprout Group. The voting agreement and all rights thereunder will automatically terminate upon completion of this offering.
Board Compensation
We pay our non-employee directors for board meeting attendance, and certain of our non-employee directors have received options to purchase shares of our common stock. For more information regarding these arrangements, see ManagementDirector Compensation.
Employment Agreements
We have entered into offer letters or employment related agreements with each of Messrs. Lauer, Huizinga and Telkamp and Dr. Wang. For more information regarding these arrangements, see ManagementEmployment Agreements and Change of Control Arrangements.
Indemnification Agreements
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. These agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify each director and executive officer to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, including indemnification of expenses such as attorneys fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by the director or executive officer in any action or proceeding, including any action or proceeding by or in right of us, arising out of the persons services as a director or executive officer.
Stock Option Grants
We have granted options to purchase shares of our common stock to our directors and executive officers. See ManagementDirector Compensation, ManagementOption Grants in Last Fiscal Year and Management2005 Stock Option Values.
78
The following table sets forth certain information known to us regarding beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 31, 2006, as adjusted to reflect the sale of shares of common stock offered by us in this offering, for:
| each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock; |
| our named executive officers; |
| each of our directors; and |
| all executive officers and directors as a group. |
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Except as noted by footnote, and subject to community property laws where applicable, we believe based on the information provided to us that the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned by them.
The table lists applicable percentage ownership based on 31,698,137 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2006, and also lists applicable percentage ownership based on shares of common stock assumed to be outstanding after the closing of the offering. Options to purchase shares of our common stock that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2006, are deemed to be beneficially owned by the persons holding these options for the purpose of computing percentage ownership of that person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing any other persons ownership percentage.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1) |
Number of Beneficially |
Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned |
||||||
Before Offering |
After Offering |
|||||||
5% Stockholders |
||||||||
Entities affiliated with Sprout Group (2) 3000 Sand Hill Road Building 3, Suite 170 Menlo Park, CA 94025 |
6,222,874 | 19.6 | % | % | ||||
Vipool M. Patel (3) |
5,235,053 | 16.5 | ||||||
Entities affiliated with Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (4) 2750 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park, CA 94025 |
5,030,492 | 15.9 | ||||||
Entities affiliated with QuestMark Partners (5) One South Street Suite 800 Baltimore, MD 21202 |
3,487,966 | 11.0 | ||||||
Entities affiliated with Weiss, Peck & Greer Venture Partners (6) |
3,348,955 | 10.6 |
79
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1) |
Number of Beneficially |
Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned | ||||
Before Offering |
After Offering | |||||
Executive Officers and Directors |
||||||
Gary L. Lauer (7) |
3,800,000 | 10.7 | ||||
Robert L. Fahlman (8) |
675,000 | 2.1 | ||||
Stuart M. Huizinga (9) |
620,000 | 1.9 | ||||
Bruce A. Telkamp (10) |
675,000 | 2.1 | ||||
Dr. Sheldon X. Wang (11) |
1,100,000 | 3.4 | ||||
Michael D. Goldberg (12) |
150,000 | * | ||||
Joseph S. Lacob (4) 2750 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park, CA 94025 |
4,105,864 | 13.0 | ||||
Kathleen D. LaPorte (2) 3000 Sand Hill Road Building 3, Suite 170 Menlo Park, CA 94025 |
6,222,874 | 19.6 | ||||
Jack L. Oliver III (13) |
50,000 | * | ||||
Christopher J. Schaepe (6) c/o Lightspeed Venture Partners 2200 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park, CA 94025 |
3,348,955 | 10.6 | ||||
All executive officers and directors as a group (10 persons) (14) |
20,747,693 | 53.8 |
* | Represents beneficial ownership of less than one percent of our outstanding common stock. |
(1) | Unless otherwise indicated, the address for each beneficial owner is c/o eHealth, Inc., 440 East Middlefield Road, Mountain View, CA 94043. |
(2) | Includes 4,211,051 shares held of record by Sprout Capital IX, L.P., 1,467,824 shares held of record by Sprout Capital VIII, L.P., 55,944 shares held of record by DLJ Capital Corporation, 370,815 shares held of record by DLJ ESC II, L.P., 29,170 shares held of record by Sprout Entrepreneurs Fund, L.P. and 88,070 shares held of record by Sprout Venture Capital, L.P. Ms. LaPorte, one of our directors, was a general partner of the Sprout Group funds until July 15, 2005, and is currently a managing director of New Leaf Venture Partners, L.L.C. New Leaf Venture Partners, L.L.C. has entered into an agreement with the Sprout Group division of Credit Suisse First Boston Private Equity, Inc. whereby New Leaf Venture Partners, L.L.C. provides investment advisory services to the Sprout Group funds. Ms. LaPorte disclaims beneficial ownership of any of the shares held by the aforementioned entities, except to the extent of her pecuniary interest therein. |
(3) | Includes 4,085,053 shares held in a trust for the benefit of Mr. Patel and his family. Also includes 1,150,000 shares held of record by the Vipool M. Patel & Sharon L. Patel, Co-Trustees of the Patel 1999 Childrens Trust U/A/D 10/30/99, of which Mr. Patel is a trustee. Mr. Patel disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares held of record by the Vipool M. Patel & Sharon L. Patel, Co-Trustees of the Patel 1999 Childrens Trust U/A/D 10/30/99. |
(4) | Includes 3,910,706 shares beneficially owned by Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers IX-A, L.P., 120,731 shares beneficially owned by Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers IX-B, L.P. and 74,427 shares beneficially owned by Joseph Lacob. Excludes, in the case of Joseph Lacob, 924,628 shares held by other entities affiliated with Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers as to which Mr. Lacob does not have voting or dispositive |
80
power. Lacob Ventures, LLC, whose manager is Joseph Lacob, is a manager of the general partners of the Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers funds and has shared voting and investment power over these shares. Shares are held for convenience in the name of KPCB Holdings, Inc. as nominee for the account of entities affiliated with Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and others. KPCB Holdings, Inc. has no voting, dispositive or pecuniary interest in any such shares. Mr. Lacob disclaims beneficial ownership of any of the shares held by the aforementioned entities, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. |
(5) | Includes 2,963,075 shares held of record by QuestMark Partners, L.P., and 524,891 shares held of record by QuestMark Partners Side Fund, L.P. |
(6) | Includes 718,016 shares held of record by WPG Enterprise Fund III, LLC, 821,137 shares held of record by Weiss, Peck & Greer Venture Associates IV, LLC, 103,508 shares held of record by Weiss, Peck & Greer Venture Associates IV Cayman, LP, 31,814 shares held of record by WPG Information Sciences Entrepreneur Fund, LP, 1,339,586 shares held of record by Weiss, Peck & Greer Venture Associates V, LLC, 11,219 shares held of record by Weiss, Peck & Greer Venture Associates V-A, LLC, 274,948 shares held of record by Weiss, Peck & Greer Venture Associates V Cayman, LP, 30,140 shares held of record by WPG Information Sciences Entrepreneur Fund II, LLC and 18,587 shares held of record by WPG Information Sciences Entrepreneur Fund II-A, LLC. WPG VC Fund Adviser, LLC is the fund investment advisory member of WPG Enterprise Fund III, LLC, Weiss, Peck & Greer Venture Associates IV, LLC, Weiss, Peck & Greer Venture Associates IV Cayman, LP and is the general partner of WPG Information Sciences Entrepreneur Fund, LP. WPG VC Fund Adviser II, LLC is the fund investment advisory member of Weiss, Peck & Greer Venture Associates V, LLC, Weiss, Peck & Greer Venture Associates V-A, LLC, Weiss, Peck & Greer Venture Associates V Cayman, LP, WPG Information Sciences Entrepreneur Fund II, LLC and WPG Information Sciences Entrepreneur Fund II-A, LLC. Mr. Schaepe, one of our directors, is a managing member of WPG VC Fund Adviser, LLC and WPG VC Fund Adviser II, LLC. Mr. Schaepe disclaims beneficial ownership of any of the shares held by the aforementioned entities, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. |
(7) | Includes 3,800,000 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options. As of March 31, 2006, 575,000 of such shares were unvested. |
(8) | Includes 7,958 shares of common stock and 667,042 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options. As of March 31, 2006, 216,105 of such shares were unvested. |
(9) | Includes 620,000 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options. As of March 31, 2006, 65,625 of such shares were unvested. |
(10) | Includes 675,000 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options. As of March 31, 2006, 206,250 of such shares were unvested. |
(11) | Includes 150,000 shares of common stock and 950,000 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options. As of March 31, 2006, 231,250 of such shares were unvested. |
(12) | Includes 75,000 shares of common stock and 75,000 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options. As of March 31, 2006, 25,000 of such shares were unvested. |
(13) | Includes 50,000 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options. As of March 31, 2006, 50,000 of such shares were unvested. |
(14) | Includes an aggregate of 6,837,042 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options. As of March 31, 2006, an aggregate of 1,369,230 of such shares are were unvested. |
81
General
The following is a summary of the rights of our common stock and preferred stock and related provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws as they will be in effect upon the closing of this offering. For more detailed information, please see our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Investors Rights Agreement, filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Upon completion of this offering, our authorized capital stock will consist of 110,000,000 shares, par value of $0.001 per share, of which:
| 100,000,000 shares will be designated as common stock, and |
| 10,000,000 shares will be designated as preferred stock. |
At March 31, 2006, we had outstanding 31,698,137 shares of common stock held of record by 320 stockholders, assuming the automatic conversion into common stock of each outstanding share of preferred stock and Class A nonvoting common stock immediately prior to the completion of the offering. Upon completion of this offering, there will be shares of our common stock outstanding, or shares if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full.
Common Stock
On all matters submitted to our stockholders for vote, our common stockholders are entitled to one vote per share, voting together as a single class, and do not have cumulative voting rights. Accordingly, the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors can elect all of the directors standing for election, if they so choose. Subject to preferences that may apply to any shares of preferred stock outstanding, the holders of common stock are entitled to share equally in any dividends that our board of directors may determine to issue from time to time. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of common stock shall be entitled to share equally all assets remaining after the payment of any liabilities and the liquidation preferences on any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights and there are no redemption or sinking funds provisions applicable to the common stock.
Preferred Stock
The board of directors will have the authority, without any action by the stockholders, to issue from time to time the preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the number of shares, designations, preferences, powers, and rights and the qualification, limitations or restrictions thereof. The preferences, powers, rights and restrictions of different series of preferred stock may differ with respect to dividend rates, amounts payable on liquidation, voting rights, conversion rights, redemption provisions, sinking fund provisions and other matters. The issuance of preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of common stock or adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting rights, of the holders of common stock, and may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company. The existence of authorized but unissued preferred stock may enable the board of directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise. For example, if in the due exercise of its fiduciary obligations, the board of directors were to determine that a takeover proposal was not in the best interests of our stockholders, the board of directors could cause shares of preferred stock to be issued without stockholder approval in one or more private offerings or other transactions that might dilute the voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer, stockholder or stockholder group.
82
Registration Rights
The holders of 21,901,533 shares of common stock, or the registrable securities, are entitled to have their shares registered by us under the Securities Act under the terms of an agreement between us and the holders of these registrable securities. Subject to limitations specified in the agreement, these registration rights include the following:
| The holders of at least 35% of the then outstanding registrable securities may require, on two occasions beginning six months after the date of this prospectus, that we use our best efforts to register the registrable securities for public resale, provided that the proposed aggregate selling price is at least $7,500,000. |
| If we register any common stock, either for our own account or for the account of other security holders, the holders of registrable securities are entitled to include their shares of common stock in the registration, subject to the ability of the underwriters to limit the number of shares included in the offering in view of market conditions. |
| The holders of at least 500,000 shares of the then outstanding registrable securities may require us on two occasions in any twelve month period to register all or a portion of their registrable securities on Form S-3 when use of that form becomes available to us, provided that the proposed aggregate selling price is at least $2,000,000. |
We will bear all registration expenses other than underwriting discounts and commissions. All registration rights pertaining to common stock terminate on the date five years following the closing of this offering, or, with respect to each holder of registrable securities holding two percent (2%) or less of the outstanding capital stock of the company, such earlier time at which all registrable securities held by such holder (and any affiliate of the holder with whom such holder must aggregate its sales under Rule 144) can be sold in a single transaction without registration in compliance with Rule 144. We anticipate that these registration rights will be waived with respect to this offering.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law, Our Certificate of Incorporation and Our Bylaws
Certain provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make more difficult our acquisition by a third party and the removal of our incumbent officers and directors. These provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with us. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited acquisition proposal outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging such proposals because, among other things, negotiation could result in an improvement of their terms.
Undesignated Preferred Stock
Our board of directors has the ability to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preference that could impede the success of any attempt to change control of us. These and other provisions may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of our company.
Stockholder Meetings
Our charter documents provide that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by our chairman of the board of directors, chief executive officer or by a resolution adopted by a majority of our board of directors.
Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals
Our bylaws establish advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of the board of directors or a committee of the board of directors.
83
Elimination of Stockholder Action by Written Consent
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation eliminates the right of stockholders to act by written consent without a meeting.
Election and Removal of Directors
Our board of directors is divided into three classes. The directors in each class will serve for a three-year term, one class being elected each year by our stockholders. For more information on the classified board, see ManagementBoard of Directors. In addition, directors may be removed from office by our stockholders only for cause. This system of electing and removing directors may tend to discourage a third party from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us, because it generally makes it more difficult for stockholders to replace a majority of directors.
Amendment of Charter Provisions
The amendment of any of the above provisions, except for the provision making it possible for our board of directors to issue preferred stock, would require approval by holders of at least 66 2/3% of our then outstanding common stock.
Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute
We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits persons deemed interested stockholders from engaging in a business combination with a Delaware corporation for three years following the date these persons become interested stockholders. Generally, an interested stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of a corporations voting stock. Generally, a business combination includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. The existence of this provision may have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by the board of directors.
The provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is .
Listing
We have applied to have our common stock approved for quotation on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol EHTH.
84
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has been no market for our common stock. Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market could adversely affect prevailing market prices from time to time. Further, since only a limited number of shares will be available for sale shortly after this offering because of certain contractual and legal restrictions on resale described below, sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market after the restrictions lapse could adversely affect the prevailing market price and our ability to raise equity capital in the future.
Sales of Restricted Shares
Upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding an aggregate of shares of common stock, assuming no exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option and no exercise of outstanding options after March 31, 2006. Of these shares, the shares sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act, unless one or more of our existing affiliates as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act purchases such shares.
The remaining 31,698,137 shares of our common stock held by existing stockholders as of March 31, 2006 are restricted shares or are restricted by the contractual provisions described below. Restricted shares may be sold in the public market only if registered or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or Rule 701 of the Securities Act, which are summarized below. Of these restricted shares, 4,908,176 shares would be available for resale in the public market in reliance on Rule 144(k) as of March 31, 2006, all of which shares are restricted by the terms of the lock-up agreements described below. An additional 24,194,891 shares would be available for resale in the public market in reliance on Rule 144 as of March 31, 2006, all of which shares are restricted by the terms of the lock-up agreements. The remaining 2,595,462 shares would become eligible for resale in the public market at various dates thereafter as of March 31, 2006, all of which shares are restricted by the terms of the lock-up agreements. The table below sets forth the approximate number of shares eligible for future sale:
Date |
Number of Shares | |
On the date of this prospectus |
| |
Between 90 and 180 days after the date of this prospectus |
| |
At various times beginning more than 180 days after the date of this prospectus |
31,698,137 |
In addition, as of March 31, 2006, options to purchase a total of 10,618,761 shares of common stock were outstanding, all of which options are exercisable, of which options to purchase 7,564,323 shares are no longer subject to vesting or restricted by our right of repurchase. All of such options are restricted by the terms of the lock-up agreements.
Rule 144
Under Rule 144 as currently in effect, beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a stockholder who has beneficially owned restricted shares for at least one year and has complied with the requirements described below would be entitled to sell, upon the expiration of the lock-up agreements described below, some of that stockholders shares within any three-month period. That number of shares cannot exceed the greater of one percent of the number of shares of our common stock then outstanding, which will equal approximately shares immediately after this offering, or the average weekly trading volume of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 reporting the sale. Sales under Rule 144 are also restricted by manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us. Rule 144 also provides that our affiliates who are selling shares of our common stock that are not restricted shares must nonetheless comply with the same restrictions applicable to restricted shares with the exception of the holding period requirement.
85
Under Rule 144(k), a person who is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale and who has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least two years is entitled to sell those shares without complying with the manner of sale, public information, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144. Accordingly, these shares may be sold without restriction immediately upon the expiration of the lock-up agreements described below.
Rule 701
Rule 701 provides that the shares of common stock acquired upon the exercise of currently outstanding options or other rights granted under our equity plans may be resold, to the extent not restricted by the terms of the lock-up agreements, by persons, other than affiliates, beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, restricted only by the manner of sale provisions of Rule 144, and by affiliates in accordance with Rule 144, without compliance with its one-year minimum holding period.
Registration Statements
We intend to file one or more registration statements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act following this offering to register all shares of our common stock which have been issued or are issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options or other rights granted under our equity plans. These registration statements are expected to become effective upon filing. Shares covered by these registration statements will thereupon be eligible for sale in the public market, upon the expiration or release from the terms of the lock-up agreements, to the extent applicable, or subject in certain cases to vesting of such shares.
Lock-up Agreements
All stockholders and option holders have agreed with us not to sell or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock (or any security convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for common stock) for a period of 180 days from the date of this prospectus. In addition, except for sales of common stock by us in this offering, we and our executive officers, directors and substantially all of our stockholders and optionholders have agreed with the underwriters not to sell or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock (or any security convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for common stock) without the prior written consent of both Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated and Merrill Lynch for a period of 180 days from the date of this prospectus. This agreement is subject to certain exceptions. See Underwriters.
Registration Rights
After this offering, the holders of approximately 21,901,533 shares of common stock will be entitled to rights to cause us to register the sale of those shares under the Securities Act. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in these shares, other than shares purchased by our affiliates, becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration. See Description of Capital StockRegistration Rights.
86
MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following is a general discussion of the material U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of common stock by a beneficial owner that is a non-U.S. holder, other than a non-U.S. holder that owns, or has owned, actually or constructively, more than 5% of the companys common stock. A non-U.S. holder is a person or entity that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is a:
| non-resident alien individual, other than certain former citizens and residents of the United States subject to tax as expatriates; |
| foreign corporation; or |
| foreign estate or trust. |
A non-U.S. holder does not include an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of disposition and is not otherwise a resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such an individual is urged to consult his or her own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the sale, exchange or other disposition of common stock.
This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), and administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions and final, temporary and proposed Treasury Regulations, changes to any which subsequent to the date of this prospectus may affect the tax consequences described herein. This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income and estate taxation that may be relevant to non-U.S. holders in light of their particular circumstances such as non-U.S. holders subject to special tax treatment under U.S. federal tax laws (including partnerships or other pass-through entities, controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies, banks and insurance companies, dealers in securities, holders of securities held as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion transaction or other risk-reduction transaction, non-U.S. holders that do not hold our common stock as a capital asset and persons who hold or receive common stock as compensation). In addition, this discussion does not address any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or foreign jurisdiction.
We have not requested a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in connection with the tax consequences described herein. Accordingly, the discussion below neither binds the IRS nor precludes it from adopting a contrary position.
IN VIEW OF THE FOREGOING AND BECAUSE THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION IS INTENDED AS A GENERAL SUMMARY ONLY, YOU ARE URGED TO CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE OWNERSHIP OR DISPOSITION OF OUR STOCK, INCLUDING THE APPLICABLE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN TAX CONSEQUENCES, IN LIGHT OF YOUR OWN PARTICULAR TAX SITUATIONS.
Dividends
As discussed under Dividend Policy above, the company does not currently expect to pay dividends. In the event that the company does pay dividends, dividends paid to a non-U.S. holder of common stock generally will be subject to withholding tax at 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. holder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty.
The withholding tax does not apply to dividends paid to a non-U.S. holder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. holders conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. holder were a U.S. resident, subject to an applicable income tax treaty providing otherwise. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to an additional branch profits tax imposed at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate).
87
Gain on Disposition of Common Stock
A non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain realized on a sale or other disposition of common stock unless:
| the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business of the non-U.S. holder in the United States, subject to an applicable treaty providing otherwise, |
| the company is or has been a U.S. real property holding corporation, as defined below, at any time within the five-year period preceding the disposition or the non-U.S. holders holding period, whichever period is shorter, and its common stock has ceased to be traded on an established securities market prior to the beginning of the calendar year in which the sale or disposition occurs. |
In general, we would be a U.S. real property holding corporation if interests in U.S. real estate comprised the majority of our assets. The company believes that it is not, and does not anticipate becoming, a U.S. real property holding corporation.
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
Information returns will be filed with the IRS in connection with payments of dividends and the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of common stock. A non-U.S. holder may have to comply with certification procedures to establish that it is not a United States person in order to avoid information reporting and backup withholding tax requirements. The certification procedures required to claim a reduced rate of withholding under a treaty will satisfy the certification requirements necessary to avoid the backup withholding tax as well. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a non-U.S. holder will be allowed as a credit against such holders U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
Federal Estate Tax
Individual non-U.S. holders and entities the property of which is potentially includible in such an individuals gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes (for example, a trust funded by such an individual and with respect to which the individual has retained certain interests or powers), should note that, absent an applicable treaty benefit, the common stock will be treated as U.S. situs property subject to U.S. federal estate tax.
88
Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in an underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, the underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Thomas Weisel Partners LLC and JMP Securities LLC are acting as representatives, have severally agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell to them, severally, the number of shares indicated below:
Name |
Number of Shares | |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated |
||
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated |
||
Thomas Weisel Partners LLC |
||
JMP Securities LLC |
||
Total |
||
The underwriters and the representatives are collectively referred to as the underwriters and the representatives, respectively. The underwriters are offering the shares of common stock subject to their acceptance of the shares from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus if any such shares are taken. However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for the shares covered by the underwriters over-allotment option described below.
The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the shares of common stock directly to the public at the public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus and part to certain dealers at a price that represents a concession not in excess of $ per share under the public offering price. After the initial offering of the shares of common stock, the offering price and other selling terms may from time to time be varied by the representatives.
We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an aggregate of additional shares of common stock at the public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriters may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the offering of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus. To the extent the option is exercised, each underwriter will become obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase about the same percentage of the additional shares of common stock as the number listed next to the underwriters name in the preceding table bears to the total number of shares of common stock listed next to the names of all underwriters in the preceding table. If the underwriters option is exercised in full, the total price to the public would be $ , the total underwriters discounts and commissions would be $ and total proceeds to us would be $ .
The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales to discretionary accounts to exceed five percent of the total number of shares of common stock offered by them.
We and all of our directors and officers and holders of substantially all of our outstanding stock have agreed that, without the prior written consent of both Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated and Merrill Lynch, on behalf of the underwriters, we and they will not, during the period ending 180 days after the date of this prospectus
| offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of |
89
directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock; or |
| enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock, |
whether any transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of our common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise.
The restrictions described in the immediately preceding paragraph do not apply to:
| the sale of shares to the underwriters; |
| the issuance by us of shares of common stock upon the exercise of an option or a warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date of this prospectus of which the underwriters have been advised in writing; |
| the issuance by us of shares or options to purchase shares of our common stock, or the repurchase by us of unvested shares upon termination of service of an employee, director, consultant or other service provider, pursuant to our equity benefit plans described in ManagementExecutive CompensationEmployee Benefit Plans, provided that the recipient of the shares is under an obligation not to sell the shares during the 180-day period; |
| the filing by us of any registration statements on Form S-8 for the registration of shares of common stock issued pursuant to our equity benefit plans described in ManagementExecutive CompensationEmployee Benefit Plans; |
| the issuance by us of shares of common stock in connection with the conversion of shares of preferred stock and Class A nonvoting common stock; |
| transactions by any person other than us relating to shares of common stock or other securities acquired in open market transactions after the completion of the offering of the shares; |
| the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, provided that no transfers occur under such plan during the 180-day period; |
| the issuance by us of shares of common stock in connection with any mergers or other acquisition transactions, provided that the total number of shares of common stock issued pursuant to the foregoing does not exceed 10% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after this offering; |
| transfers of shares as a gift or for no consideration; |
| distributions of shares to partners, members or stockholders of the stockholder; or |
| transfers to certain entities or persons affiliated with the stockholder, |
provided that in the case of each of the last four transactions, each donee, distributee, transferee and recipient agrees to be subject to the restrictions described in the immediately preceding paragraph, and no filing under Section 16 of the Exchange Act is required in connection with these transactions.
In order to facilitate the offering of the common stock, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the common stock. Specifically, the underwriters may sell more shares than they are obligated to purchase under the underwriting agreement, creating a short position. A short sale is covered if the short position is no greater than the number of shares available for purchase by the underwriters under the over-allotment option. The underwriters can close out a covered short sale by exercising the over-allotment option or purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source of shares to close out a covered short sale, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the open market price of shares
90
compared to the price available under the over-allotment option. The underwriters may also sell shares in excess of the over-allotment option, creating a naked short position. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. In addition, to stabilize the price of the common stock, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of common stock in the open market. Finally, the underwriting syndicate may reclaim selling concessions allowed to an underwriter or a dealer for distributing the common stock in the offering, if the syndicate repurchases previously distributed common stock to cover syndicate short positions or to stabilize the price of the common stock. These activities may raise or maintain the market price of the common stock above independent market levels or prevent or retard a decline in the market price of the common stock. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities at any time.
We have applied to have our common stock approved for quotation on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol EHTH.
Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we and the underwriters have agreed to indemnify each other against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
Pricing of the Offering
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The initial public offering price will be determined by negotiations between us and the representatives. Among the factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price: will be our future prospects and those of our industry in general, sales, earnings and other financial operating information in recent periods, and the price earnings ratios, price sales ratios, market prices of securities and certain financial and operating information of companies engaged in activities similar to ours.
Electronic Distribution
A prospectus in electronic format will be made available on the websites maintained by one or more of the underwriters of this offering. Other than the electronic prospectus, the information on the websites of the underwriters is not part of this prospectus. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of shares to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated to underwriters that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.
91
Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP, Menlo Park, California, will pass upon the validity of the common stock offered by this prospectus. Members of Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP participating in the consideration of legal matters related to the common stock offered by us in this offering are the beneficial owners of less than 1.0% of our outstanding shares of common stock. Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation, Palo Alto, California, will pass upon certain legal matters for the underwriters.
Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2005 and 2004, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005, as set forth in their report. We have included our financial statements in the prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement in reliance on Ernst & Young LLPs report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Washington, D.C. 20549, a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act of 1933, with respect to our common stock offered hereby. This prospectus, which forms part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. Some items are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information about us and our common stock, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement filed as part of the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document filed as an exhibit are qualified in all respects by reference to the actual text of the exhibit. You may read and copy the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement, at the SECs Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, from which you can electronically access the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto.
Upon completion of this offering, we will be subject to the information reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and we intend to file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.
92
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-2 | ||
F-3 | ||
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
F-4 | |
Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders Equity (Deficit) |
F-5 | |
F-7 | ||
F-8 |